CHAPTER V THE LAST YEARS OF THE BABYLONIAN KINGDOM

The history of the Babylonian nation reveals to the one who searches for hidden principles, all that is necessary in order to understand the relation of earthly governments to God; the dealings of God with all the nations of the earth, and the attitude which men should assume toward God and toward earthly governments. These four principles can be gained from the study of the history of Babylon as recorded in the book of Daniel and by the prophets who wrote concerning this kingdom. This is true, because in Babylon is seen in some respects the highest development of the plans of Satan. Here were counterfeited the principles of the heavenly kingdom, and so much of the true metal was mingled with the alloy that an unusual strength was developed. In other words, the kingdom of Babylon was built and developed in accordance with laws which were in themselves divine, but since the greatest evil lies near to and is a perversion of the greatest good, so the perversion of the principles of the government of heaven made the strongest of earthly kingdoms. Built so that it was difficult for beings who were watching the progress of events to detect error, God, who never deals arbitrarily with men or angels, not even with Satan himself, allowed the Babylonian kingdom to run its natural course, that the world might have an object lesson and know forever ^{MarginWhen the Most High divided to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people according to the number of the children of Israel.
Deuteronomy 32:8.
Psalm 75:4-7.
Acts 17:26, 27.
Matthew 22:18-22.
Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God.
Romans 13:1-7.
1 Samuel 2:9.
1 Samuel 14:6.
But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.
Acts 10:34, 35.
And upon her forehead was a name written. MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.
Revelation 17:5.
Habakkuk 1:5-13.
Isaiah 10:1-16.
Psalm 33:15-17.
Behold, all souls are mine: as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die.
Ezekiel 18:4.} after that truth brings life, but that the least perversion of truth, no matter how slight, brings death.SDP 60.1

In order to vindicate himself before the universe, God bestowed all manner of blessings upon this earthly kingdom which Satan boastingly claimed as his own. Wisdom was given to the people of Babylon, the holy Watcher protected the king on his throne, and God gave power to the ruler in battle, making him a conqueror. It was God who caused the tree to reach unto heaven, and gave strength and beauty to its branches. Everything by way of warning and entreaty was used by Infinite Wisdom to cause the Babylonians to see the difference between the true and the false, and lead them to choose the true. It is one of the most forcible commentaries in earth’s history on the care of God for all, even the veriest sinner.SDP 61.1

Had Babylon taken the proffered help, she would, in spite of all the power of Satan as prince of this world, have linked her throne with the throne of God, and would have been an everlasting kingdom. How easily might the history of the world have been changed!SDP 61.2

People living in these last days, whether they be Christian or not, need not remain ignorant concerning their duty toward the civil government. Nations can not plead ignorance concerning their duty toward Christians, toward other nations, nor toward God, for the prophecies of Daniel explain it all. It is a book for rulers as well as for the common people. Babylon is an object lesson to the nations which are in existence to-day. Her growth was according to the laws of the growth of nations; her failures describe ^{MarginFor the wages of sin is death: but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Romans 6:23.
Daniel 4:17.
Yet had he no wages, nor his army, for Tyrus, for the service that he had served against it: therefore thus saith the Lord God; Behold, I will give the land of Egypt unto Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon; and he shall take her multitude, and take her spoil, and take her prey; and it shall be the wages for his army. I have given him the land of Egypt for his labor wherewith he served against it, because they wrought for me, saith the Lord God.
Ezekiel 29:18-20.
In whose hand is the soul of every living thing, and the breath of all mankind.
Job 12:10.
What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?
Isaiah 5:4.
Isaiah 14:4-6.
We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed.
Jeremiah 51:9.
Jeremiah 18:7, 8.
Ezekiel 33:11, 14-16.
Isaiah 13:1-15.
Amos 3:7.
The secret of the Lord is with them that fear him: and he will show them his covenant.
Psalm 25:14.
Now all these things happened unto them for ensamples: and they are written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come.
1 Corinthians 10:11.} the failures which are made to-day, and her destruction is a description of the end of all earthly kingdoms.SDP 61.3

Nations have a time of probation, as do individuals. A record is kept of national events, and when the cup of iniquity is full, destruction comes, and another power more vigorous, because less corrupt, takes its place. “The Most High ruleth in the kingdom of men,” whether he is recognized or not, and things which, to human eyes, appear to have happened by chance, are directly under the control of the holy Watcher.SDP 62.1

The study of the book of Daniel demands, therefore, that we take time to trace the history of Babylon as a nation.SDP 62.2

A period of about twenty-five years intervenes between the close of the fourth and the opening of the fifth chapter. The reign of Nebuchadnezzar closed shortly after the restoration of his reason as related in the fourth chapter of Daniel. From a worldly point of view, his had been a long and prosperous reign, and at its close there were no signs of weakening in the empire. Nebuchadnezzar had a son of age to fill the place of his father. No one questioned his right to the throne, and while they mourned the death of Nebuchadnezzar, apparently the subjects had much reason to rejoice over the succession of the son. In the eyes of heaven this history was a checkered one. There had been periods when a desire to know the right and rule justly were written opposite the name of the king. But these were followed by still longer periods when the voice of the Divine One was altogether unheeded. There was a record of wonderful providences, rich blessings, and bitter trials, all having one ^{MarginEcclesiastes 1:9.
Jeremiah 51:63, 64.
Revelation 18:21.
And the Lord said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous: I will go down now, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, which is come unto me; and if not, I will know. Up, get you out of this place; for the Lord will destroy this city.
Genesis 18:20, 21.
Genesis 19:14.
Daniel 10:20.
Thou art my battle ax and weapons of war: for with thee will I break in pieces the nations, and with thee will I destroy kingdoms; and with thee will I break in pieces the horse and his rider; and with thee will I break in pieces the chariot and his rider.
Jeremiah 51:20-23.
Daniel 4:36, 37.
Jeremiah 28:14.
And it shall come to pass, that the nation and kingdom which will not serve the same Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, and that will not put their neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon, that nation will I punish, saith the Lord, with the sword, and with the famine, and with the pestilence, until I have consumed them by his hand
Jeremiah 27:5-8.
Daniel 2:47.
Daniel 3:28.
Daniel 4:37.
Jeremiah 39:11-14.
Jeremiah 44:30.
Before I was afflicted I went astray: but now have I kept thy word.
Psalm 119:67.} object,-to turn the minds of the world to the only source of life and power. If Heaven ever grows weary in watching the struggles of nations, what must have been the burden as they saw this kingdom repeatedly choose the course which was leading to inevitable ruin.SDP 62.3

Evil-merodach, the son of Nebuchadnezzar, is mentioned but twice in the Scriptures, and in each case reference is made to one act of his life. It seems strange that such a father should be followed by a son of whom so little is recorded, but it is gratifying to notice that when the silence is broken, it is to relate a deed of kindness. In the first year of his reign he took from prison Jehoiachin, the former king of Jerusalem, a man now fifty years of age, who had languished in bonds since a boy of eighteen. The Jewish ex-ruler was given clothing and a king’s provisions, and exalted above other kings in Babylon all the remainder of his days.SDP 63.1

Evil-merodach had been raised in the Babylonian court, and had known of the Jews and their history from his youth up. It would not be an impossible thing that Daniel, made chief of the Chaldean wise men by Nebuchadnezzar, had been the instructor of the prince. While details are omitted, true it is that for some reason the destruction of Babylon was delayed beyond the reign of Evil-merodach. His brief reign of two years was followed by an unsettled period, a most dangerous experience in a monarchy.SDP 63.2

Finally Nabonadius, the son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar, was seated on the throne, and about the year 541 he associated with him his son Belshazzar. The two reigned conjointly until the destruction of the kingdom in 538 B. C. This ^{MarginThough he were a Son, yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered.
Hebrews 5:8.
It is good for me that I have been afflicted; that I might learn thy statutes.
Psalm 119:71.
It is the land of graven images, and they are mad upon their idols.
Jeremiah 50:38.
Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone.
Hosea 4:17.
And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on the seven and twentieth day of the month, that Evil-merodach king of Babylon in the year that he began to reign did lift up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah out of prison: and he spake kindly to him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in Babylon; and changed his prison garments: and he did eat bread continually before him all the days of his life. And his allowance was a continual allowance given him of the king, a daily rate for every day, all the days of his life.
2 Kings 25:27-30.
Jeremiah 52:31-34.
Blessed are the merciful; for they shall obtain mercy.
Matthew 5:7.
Then the king made Daniel a great man, and gave him many great gifts, and made him ruler over the whole province of Babylon, and chief of the governors over all the wise men of Babylon.
Daniel 2:48.
And all nations shall serve him, and his son, and his son’s son, until the very time of his land come: and then many nations and great kings shall serve themselves of him.
Jeremiah 27:7.} youth, the grandson of the great Nebuchadnezzar, soon proved himself to be headstrong, wayward, cruel, and dissolute.SDP 63.3

Daniel was no longer retained in the court. The time of his dismissal is not stated, but in the third year of Belshazzar’s reign, he was living at Shushan, the capital of Elam, some distance east of Babylon, and it was at that place that he saw the vision which the eighth chapter of the book of Daniel relates.SDP 64.1

During the reign of Nabonadius and Belshazzar, events of the greatest importance occurred. To the Jews who accepted the words of the prophets whom God sent, rising up early and sending, the downfall of the kingdom in the near future was well known. In spite of their own oppression there was a world to be warned, and as the host of the redeemed gather about the throne of God, made up, as it will be, of representatives of every nation, kindred, tongue, and people, there will be some souls from ancient Babylon, who, having heard the proclamation of the message, separated from her sins, and were saved.SDP 64.2

As the knowledge of God was lost by the ruling monarchs, and God-fearing men were no longer among the counselors, the oppression of the Jews became almost unbearable.SDP 64.3

On going into Babylon they had been instructed by the Lord to build houses and plant vineyards, to marry and increase in numbers, and to pray for the peace and prosperity of Babylon, for their captivity would last seventy years. The people of God had the observance of the Sabbath of the fourth commandment to preserve their peculiarity and keep them from mingling ^{MarginBelshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his grandfather Nebuchadnezzar had taken.
Daniel 5:2 [margin].
Daniel 5:1.
In the third year of the reign of king Belshazzar a vision appeared unto me, even unto me Daniel, after that which appeared unto me at the first.
Daniel 8:1.
Jeremiah 51:60-64.
Then I spake unto them of the captivity all the things that the Lord had showed me.
Ezekiel 11:24, 25.
Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his soul: be not cut off in her iniquity; for this is the time of the Lord’s vengeance; he will render unto her a recompense.
Jeremiah 51:6.
After this I beheld, and, lo, a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palms in their hands.
Revelation 7:9.
Revelation 18:4.
Exodus 1:8.
Lamentations 4:6, 18, 19
Jeremiah 29:4-7.
Jeremiah 25:11, 12.
Jeremiah 29:10.
2 Chronicles 36:21.
Moreover also I gave them my Sabbaths, to be a sign between me and them, that they might know that I am the Lord that sanctify them. And hallow my sabbaths; and they shall be a sign between me and you, that ye may know that I am the Lord your God.
Ezekiel 20:12, 16, 20.} with the heathen. The time came when the Babylonians, who were sun-worshipers, mocked the Jews because of the Sabbath. They were forbidden to celebrate their feasts; priests and rulers were degraded and persecuted. The Babylonians often demanded songs from the Jews. “They that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion;” but their hearts were mournful. “Israel is a scattered sheep,” wrote Jeremiah; “the lions have driven him away; ...Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon hath broken his bones.” The Babylonians boasted that it was no sin to oppress the Jews, reasoning that God had placed the Hebrews in bondage because of their sins.SDP 64.4

It is little wonder that the yoke was hard to bear and that the king was unrelenting. It was a time of trouble, a foretaste of the great time of trouble through which the people of God will pass before the second coming of the Saviour. Both periods are called by the same name,-the time of Jacob’s Trouble,-by the prophet Jeremiah. Under these trying circumstances the Jews were obliged to preach the gospel which they once had the opportunity to give with power from Jerusalem.SDP 65.1

Groaning beneath oppression, they had taught of the coming Messiah, the deliverer; they taught righteousness by faith, and the everlasting gospel, the hour of God’s judgment, the fall of Babylon, and the destruction of those upon whom was found the mark of Babylonian worship. The spirit of prophecy, as belonging to the Jews, was known to the Babylonians throughout the period of captivity. Daniel, in the presence of the king, had, more than once, received divine enlightenment. ^{MarginHer people fell into the hand of the enemy, and none did help her: the adversaries saw her, and did mock at her sabbaths.
Lamentations 1:7.
The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the solemn feasts: all her gates are desolate: her priests sigh, her virgins are afflicted, and she is in bitterness. Her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer.
Lamentations 1:2-6.
Psalm 137:1-6.
Jeremiah 50:17.
Their adversaries said, We offend not, because they have sinned against the Lord, the habitation of justice, even the Lord, the hope of their fathers.
Jeremiah 50:7.
Daniel 9:16.
Jeremiah 2:3.
For thus saith the Lord: We have heard a voice of trembling, of fear, and not of peace. Ask ye now, and see whether a man doth travail with child? wherefore do I see every man with his hands on his loins, as a woman in travail, and all faces are turned into paleness? Alas! for that day is great, so that none is like it: it is even the time of Jacob’s trouble; but he shall be saved out of it.
Jeremiah 30:3-9.
Their Redeemer is strong: the Lord of hosts is his name: he shall thoroughly plead their cause.
Jeremiah 50:33, 34.
Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth.... This is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS.
Jeremiah 23:5, 6.
He shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it. Every one that is found shall be thrust through; and every one that is joined unto them shall fall by the sword.
Isaiah 13:6-22.
Isaiah 21:9.
Jeremiah 51:8, 6, 35, 47.
Daniel 2:36.} Ezekiel was sending messages broadcast from the Lord, and Jeremiah had received word from God with the command to make it known to all the nations round about. There was no hiding the fact that the God of the Jews had prophets among his people. It was in this way that not only the Jews, but Moab, Edom, Tyre and Sidon, Ammon, Egypt, Arabia, and even Media and Persia knew that the fall of Babylon was decreed. Many of these nations, and the Persians among the number, knew just what kingdom would be used to destroy Babylon, and the name of the man whom God had chosen to accomplish the overthrow.SDP 65.2

Such are the messages which God sent, and thus it was that he made use of his people. Those whom he could not use when granted peace and prosperity and a city of their own, he used when slaves under the iron heel of Babylon. Babylon was like a city on the edge of a volcanic crater, but she believed it not. In the year 539 B. C., the general of the combined forces of the Medes and Persians started toward Babylon. The news reached the city that the enemy was on the march. Then it was that the message came to flee from the city and be as goats upon the mountainside. Jews who heeded the word of the Lord, then withdrew from Babylon. But the Persian army did not come. History says that Cyrus was stopped by the death of a sacred white horse, which was drowned in crossing a river. Cyrus set his men to digging channels for the river, spending one year in this way. Prophecy says, “The walls of Babylon shall fall. My people, go ye out of the midst of her, and deliver ye every man his soul.... ^{MarginDaniel 4:24.
Daniel 7:1.
Ezekiel 27:1, 2.
Ezekiel 29:2, 3.
Ezekiel 25:2, 3.
Jeremiah 25:15-28.
Isaiah 44:28.
Isaiah 45:1, 2.
Isaiah 14:13.
Go up, () Elam: besiege, () Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease.
Isaiah 21:2.
Jeremiah 51:11, 28.
Moab hath been at ease from his youth, and he hath settled on his lees, and hath not been emptied from vessel to vessel, neither hath he gone into captivity: therefore his taste remained in him, and his scent is not changed. Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will send unto him wanderers, that shall cause him to wander, and shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles.
Jeremiah 48:11, 12.
2 Kings 5:2-4.
Daniel 2:49.
And lest your heart faint, and ye fear for the rumor that shall be heard in the land: a rumor shall both come one year, and after that in another year shall come a rumor, and violence in the land, ruler against ruler.
Jeremiah 51:46.
Jeremiah 50:8.
Jeremiah 51:6.
Matthew 24:15-20.
Ye that have escaped the sword, go away, stand not still: remember the Lord afar off, and let Jerusalem come into your mind.
Jeremiah 51:50.
Jeremiah 51:44.
At the noise of the taking of Babylon the earth is moved, and the cry is heard among the nations.
Jeremiah 51:46.} And lest your heart faint, and ye fear for the rumor that shall be heard in the land; a rumor shall both come one year, and after that in another year, shall come a rumor.”SDP 66.1

And so it was; one spring the rumor came, but the army failed to appear. The careless and unbelieving scoffed, but to the believing this was an opportune time. The next spring the rumor came again, but there was no time then to sell or prepare to leave, for the army came also, and the Babylonian and Medo-Persian forces met in open battle. The Babylonians were defeated, and returned within the fortifications of the city.SDP 67.1

The gates were closed and the siege began. Those who were now in Babylon must live or die with the Babylonians, except God stay the hand of the destroyer.SDP 67.2

The climax was reached by the greatest of earthly governments. All heaven was alive with anxiety. Only man was asleep to his impending destruction. ^{MarginAnd I will render unto Babylon and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight, saith the Lord.
Jeremiah 51:24.
Knowing this first, that there shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts.
2 Peter 3:3.
The king of Babylon hath heard the report of them, and his hands waxed feeble: anguish took hold of him, and pangs as of a woman in travail.
Jeremiah 50:43.
And the land shall tremble and sorrow: for every purpose of the Lord shall be performed against Babylon, to make the land of Babylon a desolation without an inhabitant.
Jeremiah 51:29.
Thou carriest them away as with a flood: they are as a sleep: in the morning they are like grass which groweth up.
Psalm 90:5.}SDP 67.3