Elder Daniells in the chair. Elder J. W. Westphal, of South America, offered prayer. New delegates seated: Dr. J. H. Neall, Southeastern Union.GCB May 20, 1909, page 77.6

The previously appointed meeting of the Washington Training College was called by A. G. Daniells, president of the Board. The meeting was adjourned for one week, or until May 26, at 10:30 A. M. A report of the meeting will be found in another column.GCB May 20, 1909, page 77.7

The topic for the morning session, the chairman stated, was the report of the Educational Department, by F. Griggs. The school men from other lands were invited to occupy chairs on the platform. The report was presented as follows:—GCB May 20, 1909, page 77.8

REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

WASe

During the last four years the Lord has richly blessed our schools, prospering and increasing them, bestowing upon them large measures of spiritual benefit, and giving to teachers and students health and courage for their work.GCB May 20, 1909, page 77.9

General OrganizationGCB May 20, 1909, page 77.10

At the time of the educational convention held at College View in 1903, a general scheme for the organization of the school interests of our denomination was planned and adopted. By it the Department of Education was created in the General Conference to advise and assist in the conduct of schools and to foster educational interests throughout the world. It provided for the establishment in each union conference of a similar department, and also that in each union conference there should be an advanced school doing a grade of college work, or at least work of a sufficiently high character to directly prepare men and women for active gospel service. This school is to be the property of the union conference, and be controlled by a board of managers selected from the various local conferences composing the union. Each local conference is to have a similar school organization managing its intermediate schools, and counseling and helping the primary schools. The primary or church-schools in general do the work of seven grades; the intermediate schools and academies, grades eight to twelve; and the colleges, grades thirteen to sixteen. The primary schools are directly under the control of boards of managers chosen by the churches which establish and maintain them. It is thus apparent that the control of all school interests is, in this way, placed directly with the people where such interests are located.GCB May 20, 1909, page 77.11

Furthermore, it is to be observed that this system makes possible the steady promotion of pupils from the primary grades to the completion of a course of college instruction, after which special training for foreign service or medical work may be obtained. The organization thus planned six years ago has been found to be efficient and serviceable, and accounts in part for the recent rapid growth of our school interests.GCB May 20, 1909, page 77.12

StatisticsGCB May 20, 1909, page 77.13

We have 535 primary schools, with 625 teachers and 10,487 pupils. The estimated value of our primary school properties is now $147,749.05; and their annual operating expense, $101,375.55. Comparing these statistics with those of four years ago, we find that there has been an increase of 84 schools, 135 teachers, and 2,544 pupils, or over 33 per cent. The enrollment statistics from which these comparisons are made are those of 1903-04 and 1907-08. We are unable to make comparisons as to the valuation of property and cost of maintenance, as these statistics have been secured only for the past year.GCB May 20, 1909, page 77.14

Of the schools above the primary, namely, intermediate, academic, and college, we have 81, employing 469 teachers, with an enrollment of 5,729 students. These schools have 291 buildings, with a capacity for 7,344 students; 8,691 acres of land are owned by them, Their total property valuation is $1,333,828.18. A comparison with the statistics of four years ago reveals an increase of 37 advanced schools, enrolling 3,624 students, or over 172 per cent. During the quadrennial term three of the schools listed in 1904 have been closed, and forty more have been opened. Of these forty, two do work of college grade, eleven are listed as academies, and 27 as intermediate schools. Here again it is impossible to give the increase in property value of our advanced schools as a whole, owing to the fact that in 1904 no definite valuation statistics were compiled and preserved; but these forty schools which have opened have a property value of $216,471.61. There are 3,050 acres of land connected with them. They have 90 buildings, with a capacity for 2,486 pupils. Their enrollment last year was 1,829, and they employed 145 teachers. In addition to the increase incident to these new schools, there has also been a large increase in the property value of the schools in operation at the beginning of this quadrennial term.GCB May 20, 1909, page 77.15

Combining the primary-school statistics with those of the advanced schools, we find that we have at present a total of 616 schools, with an enrollment of 16,216 pupils, a total teaching force of 1,094, and a property value of $1,481,577.23, or nearly one and one-half million dollars. This is exclusive of mission schools, reference to which is made later in this report.GCB May 20, 1909, page 77.16

Spiritual Interests of Our SchoolsGCB May 20, 1909, page 77.17

While it is impossible for us to present statistics of this very important feature of our work, yet an idea of the far-reaching results of efforts in this direction is to be gained from reports which are being continually published in the Educational department in the Review and Herald. It is no uncommon thing for the statement to be made that every pupil in a certain school is a professed Christian. A large number of conversions and baptisms are witnessed every year in each of our schools. This results directly from the principles of Christian education; for the sole purpose of such education is the development of strong religious character—men and women who are qualified not only for good citizenship, but for what is of far greater importance, active service in Christian warfare.GCB May 20, 1909, page 77.18

The IncreaseGCB May 20, 1909, page 78.1

It may be observed that in the primary schools there has been a greater increase of teachers than of schools during this quadrennial term. This increase of teachers over the number of schools reveals the fact that the schools are better graded than four years ago, as a larger number of them now employ more than one teacher for each school.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.2

It is also to be noted that the increase in enrollment in primary schools during the conference term has been but 33 per cent, while that of the advanced schools is 172 per cent. It is self-evident that if our system of schools as a whole shall have a healthy and normal growth, the rate of increase in the primary schools should correspond more closely to that of the advanced.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.3

The large increase in the advanced schools over that of the primary may be attributed to two causes: First, a great increase in missionary zeal among our people as a whole; and second, the organization and establishment of our Young People’s Department. This increase had its beginning at the educational convention held in College View during the summer of 1906. At that time there was a strong resolution, passed by the teachers there assembled, looking toward a more direct preparation of the young men and women in our advanced schools for missionary fields. The next school year saw a growth in the enrollment of these advanced schools of from 25 per cent to 100 per cent. Such a gain in the schools then established, together with that naturally resulting from the large addition of schools, partially explains this large increase. Another explanation which may be offered for this difference between the increased enrollment of the advanced over the primary schools is that not nearly enough emphasis has been placed upon the Christian education of our younger children.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.4

Primary SchoolsGCB May 20, 1909, page 78.5

Some ten or twelve years ago our people seemed to awaken to the necessary of making wise provision for giving their children a Christian education. But many difficulties were encountered, and discouragement resulted in the endeavor to establish and operate these primary schools. The difficulties which have confronted our primary school development have been chiefly three,—the want of qualified teachers; a sufficient remuneration for those who were employed, or, in other words, a proper financial support; and lastly, a proper equipment in the way of text-books, school supplies, etc. I am glad to report progress in overcoming each of these difficulties. Our advanced schools are giving far more attention than formerly to the proper training of well-qualified teachers for the primary schools. It has been thoroughly demonstrated that primary schools can be maintained continually and be a financial success; there is something of an increase in the salary of primary school-teachers. Textbooks have been, and are being, rapidly brought out. The 1906 convention outlined courses of study, and gave definite form to the work of the grades.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.6

Campaign Work for Primary SchoolsGCB May 20, 1909, page 78.7

We should attach great importance to the establishment and maintenance of primary schools in all our churches. Thorough campaign work needs to be undertaken in this direction. The principals’ meeting held at Cleveland last year passed resolutions looking toward the preparation of suitable campaign literature. The department has undertaken this work, and expects within the next three or four months to issue several small leaflets for general circulation, emphasizing the importance of our primary schools.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.8

In the great educational awakening in the South, no factor is of more consequence than the organized efforts of the women of those States. Why should not our sisters throughout the rank and file of our people similarly associate themselves together for effective work in securing the best education for our children and youth?GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.9

Primary School BuildingsGCB May 20, 1909, page 78.10

It is to be observed that the total property value of all our primary schools is only about one ninth of that of the advanced, while these primary schools have in them nearly twice as many pupils as the advanced. In making this comparison, however, it is to be borne in mind that the advanced schools require a far greater investment, pro rata, than the primary, owing to the fact that they must provide dormitory advantages, and land and shops for industrial education, such as are not required by the primary schools. However, when all this is accounted for, the disparity as regards proper buildings and school-room privileges for the primary pupils, is painfully apparent. Our conferences and churches, in many instances, need to provide far more suitable quarters for primary school purposes than are now offered. Neat little buildings, so situated that there may be ground for school gardens, and so constructed as to afford good ventilation and sufficient light, should be provided.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.11

School ArchitectureGCB May 20, 1909, page 78.12

In this connection, it is not out of place to say that altogether too little attention is paid to the architecture of our school buildings and their adaptation to special needs. It costs practically no more to erect a good-looking building, well suited to its purpose, than one out of all proportion with architectural laws—a thing of ugliness and a sorrow forever. In many instances it will be impossible to change the buildings now constructed, but we should take careful heed that we improve future construction. Not only should we seek to improve the buildings themselves, but every effort should be made to add to the beauty of the school environment, both within and without the building. This is a matter of no small importance, as it relates not only to the education, but quite as much to the health and physical well-being, of the pupils.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.13

School EquipmentGCB May 20, 1909, page 78.14

No school can hope to do successful work unless it is properly equipped with laboratory and library facilities, including charts, maps, etc., and necessary means for conducting industrial studies. No farmer would think for a moment of purchasing land, and then failing to provide himself with tools and machinery with which to cultivate it. No more should our school boards endeavor to carry forward their school enterprises without facilities adapted to the grade of work called for by the curricula. There is a lamentable need of these necessities in some of our schools, and earnest efforts should be made to secure them.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.15

ConventionsGCB May 20, 1909, page 78.16

During the past four years the Educational Department has held two conventions. At the first, called during the summer of 1906 at College View, Neb., were representatives from all grades of schools in this country and Europe. A large share of the efforts of the convention was devoted to securing a more complete organization of our work. Attention was given particularly to courses of study. A definite outline of work was adopted and recommended to all our schools. This curriculum covered the work from the first to the sixteenth years, or from the primary grades through the college courses. Resolutions were also adopted looking to greater efficiency in teaching and to the adaptation of our school work to the needs of our cause.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.17

The second convention was held at Cleveland, Ohio, last summer. It was not of a general nature, being attended chiefly by the principals of our advanced schools. The purpose of this meeting was to seek for a closer co-operation and unification of work between the intermediate schools, academies, and colleges. It was seen that there was a great discrepancy in methods of teaching, and in the grade of work actually accomplished by these schools. This has been a source of much difficulty in the promotion of pupils. The principals requested that a general convention be held, at which should be represented the heads of the departments of these advanced schools. It was hoped to hold this convention at the time of this Conference, but the large expense involved, taken in connection with the expense of the Conference, made it seem impossible. The necessity for a meeting of this nature, however, is none the less urgent, and provision should be made for the calling of such a convention at as early a date as consistent.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.18

Relation to Young People’s WorkGCB May 20, 1909, page 78.19

The convention at Mount Vernon, Ohio, in July, 1907, made possible a great advance in educational interests by the establishment of the Young People’s Missionary Volunteer Department of the General Conference. The relation between the Educational and Missionary Volunteer departments is an extremely close and vital one. The Missionary Volunteer Department aims to create within the minds of our youth those broad Christian ideals which involve the education and training of all their powers of being for Christian service. The Department of Education seeks to provide the means of this development. Thus working together, vast opportunities are presented for the development of the great resource—indeed a princely inheritance—which is presented to this cause in its children and youth. To no source can we ascribe greater credit for the increase in our schools than to the work and efforts of our Missionary Volunteer Department.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.20

Summer SchoolsGCB May 20, 1909, page 78.21

Closely akin to many of the features of our conventions is the work of our summer schools. Nearly all of the union conferences, and many of the State conferences, hold these schools regularly each summer. They usually run from six to ten weeks, and give particular attention to methods and the common branches. An effort is being made, however, to have some higher work done by them, of such a character as to make possible its acceptance by the colleges in lieu of their regular work. The annual teachers’ examinations are usually held in connection with these summer schools. The reviews, examinations, and general instruction given have tended directly to raise the standard of our teaching work, particularly in the primary and intermediate schools. The great benefit derived by our colored teachers at these summer schools argues strongly for their regular continuation.GCB May 20, 1909, page 78.22

Correspondence SchoolsGCB May 20, 1909, page 79.1

At different times efforts have been made by various of our advanced schools to establish schools of correspondence. These have met with more or less favor, and have accomplished some good; yet they have not been a permanent success. There appears, however, to be a field of practical benefit for a live school of this character, not only among those young people who are deprived of school opportunities, but also for those who are now engaged in gospel work. Courses may be adapted to the needs of men and women of years by means of which they may be better prepared for service. Correspondence schools have come to remain, not only in this, but in other countries; and they are filling very useful fields, though, perhaps, different from that which we would occupy. We may reasonably profit by their experience, to the benefit of large classes of our people both old and young. Such a school might be either affiliated with one of our centrally located colleges or established independently.GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.2

Industrial EducationGCB May 20, 1909, page 79.3

With few exceptions, all of our advanced schools have connected with them land for agricultural and gardening purposes. Instruction is given not only in this branch of industry, but also in many mechanical lines. Nearly all our students pursue, during the term of their school life, one or more definite lines of study in manual arts, or do regular manual work of a valuable nature. All the primary schools give manual training in some form adapted to the needs of their grade of work. Many of them have successful school gardens.GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.4

There is, however, no question as to the need of greatly strengthening this feature of our educational system. Industrial studies may well form a constituent part of the curriculum, but they should be of such a nature, and the instruction of such a character, as to meet properly the standard of value of those studies which they supplant. It must ever be borne in mind that that education only is most valuable which seeks directly to train the child for practical life, and which creates in him a love for manual labor that will lead him to perform such work, even when it is not necessary.GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.5

Probably no feature of industrial education offers greater opportunities than agriculture and its allied studies. And in saying this we would not overlook or underestimate very valuable lines of mechanical studies, such as elementary architecture, carpentry, and printing. These trades, and others which might be mentioned, are of great value to the missionary. At the present time much advancement is being made in agricultural studies, not only in the schools of this country, but in the various nations of Europe. In France and Belgium elementary agricultural education is compulsory; and since it has been made so, a movement of the people toward the country from the city has been observed in some localities. It has been demonstrated also that agricultural instruction of high value can be given in schools having the long vacation in summer. We should set for our ideal nothing less than that every child and youth shall be reasonably well educated in some manual art, that he may learn to love and enjoy manual work.GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.6

Text-BooksGCB May 20, 1909, page 79.7

Little had been accomplished in the publication of text-books until after the educational convention at College View in 1906. At that time serious consideration was given to this matter through the report to the convention of the committee on text-books appointed at the time of the General Conference in 1905. Since this convention the following books have been brought out:—GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.8

“Nature Study Note Book, No. 1:” “Nature Study Note Book, No. 3;” “Nature Study Note Book, Complete;” “Bible Nature Series;” “True Education Reader, Book 1;” “True Education Reader, Book 2;” “True Education Reader, Book 3;” “True Education Reader, Book 5;” “True Education Reader, Book 7;” “Gospel History;” “Essentials of English;” “Bible Nature Series, No. 1;” “Bible Lessons, Book 1;” “School Manual.”GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.9

The following books are in preparation, and it is expected they will be published within a few months:—GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.10

“True Education Reader, Book 4;” “True Education Reader, Book 6;” “Bible Lessons, Book 2;” “Bible Lessons, Book 3;” “Bible Lessons, No. 4;” “Bible Nature Series, No. 2;” “Bible Nature Series, No. 3.”GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.11

The Educational Department has made efforts to secure text-books adapted to the needs of the higher schools, and it expects within the next few months to be able to announce the publication of such books. It is obvious that much difficulty and an abundance of hard, painstaking labor are experienced in bringing out well-written text-books, properly adapted to the needs of our schools; but our efforts in this direction must not slacken. Perhaps no feature of our work calls for more careful attention than the preparation of helpful texts.GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.12

Visit of Chairman to SchoolsGCB May 20, 1909, page 79.13

Until within the past two years, the General Conference Department of Education has been conducted by men who were in charge of other schools. At the council held in Washington in October, 1906, arrangements were made for the release of the present chairman from other duties, in order that he might devote his whole time to the interests of the department. He began active work the first of January, 1907. Much time has been spent by him in attendance at conventions, and in visiting schools in this and other lands. These visits have resulted in a better understanding of the needs of the school interests in various sections, and have made possible comparisons of progress in various institutions and localities, and an interchange of notes and suggestions looking toward a steady development of all school interests.GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.14

The Foreign Mission SeminaryGCB May 20, 1909, page 79.15

In connection with the establishment of our headquarters at Washington, D. C., it was deemed advisable to make provision for a new training-school for Christian workers; accordingly, the Washington Training College was established in 1904. At the Gland, Switzerland, Council, held in the spring of 1907, the need of special training for work in heathen lands was so emphasized that the brethren assembled realized the importance of having a school where instruction might be given especially adapted to prepare for service abroad. Accordingly, arrangements were made for changes in the character of work done in the Washington Training College, so that such instruction might be provided; and the name of the school was changed to that of the Washington Foreign Mission Seminary. The results of this change have been very encouraging. A somewhat similar line of work is offered by the College of Evangelists, located at Loma Linda, Cal.GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.16

The need for such courses of study is made apparent from the fact that the conditions under which men and women must labor in these foreign lands are so radically different from those in the home land as to require special preparation.GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.17

The Scholarship PlanGCB May 20, 1909, page 79.18

During this quadrennial term, great advance has been made in the association of the school interests with those of the publishing work. Our different advanced schools have made arrangements with the publishing houses by which special rates and opportunities have been offered to young men and young women to obtain scholarships in these schools by the sale of a certain specified amount of publications. As a consequence of these arrangements, large numbers of students, who otherwise would have been unable to attend, have had the benefits of the schools. Not only so, but great quantities of literature have been placed in the hands of the reading public; this in itself is a most worthy enterprise. Moreover, the practical education which these young persons get in this canvassing work is of no small consequence.GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.19

It will be of advantage to this feature of our educational work to have a more systematic and well-organized plan of scholarships perfected, and to have special campaigns made from time to time among the young people by which their interest and service shall be enlisted in this most worthy undertaking. In nearly all our advanced schools, institutes are held at the close of each year to prepare students for this work. These institutes are attended by a majority of the students.GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.20

Advanced Scholastic WorkGCB May 20, 1909, page 79.21

The growth of our cause in all lands, and the decentralization of administrative responsibilities, result in an ever-increasing call for persons of ability and experience. This requires of us a strong effort to provide well-educated men and women not only to meet these constant demands, but to supply the places made vacant by death, resignation, or otherwise of those now filling important positions. Believing, as we do, that the end of all things is soon to come, it is surely incumbent upon us to hold before our young people proper standards and ideals of education. These may all be summed up in the thought of a speedy yet thorough preparation for service. Every effort should be made to secure to each person only that education which will fit him best for the work which he individually is to perform. There is a constant danger of young people seeking an education solely for the sake of the education itself, or for the recognition which it may secure them; but this ideal is to be sedulously avoided. When the student is ready for effective work, he should be encouraged to leave the school and to enter heartily into active service, no matter what position he may have attained in the curriculum. Furthermore, in this preparation, school work and actual field work should be combined.GCB May 20, 1909, page 79.22

However, there is danger that we shall not properly appreciate the value of scholastic attainments for those who are to occupy important positions. Recently we have been graduating from all our schools, an average of only from twenty to thirty students a year in degree courses. This means that only about one out of every six hundred of those attending our schools completes a degree course each year. Twenty or thirty persons are, indeed, a very limited number from which to fill the many needy world-wide situations where special intellectual ability is required. And again, it must be remembered that not all of this number are available, as some fail, for various reasons, to enter into the valuable service which they should render.GCB May 20, 1909, page 80.1

As our system of schools has grown in perfection, the number of those who have progressed through all grades is continually increasing. This means that more students are reaching the advanced years of our courses while still quite young, and hardly prepared by way of experience to enter into active missionary service. As a consequence, we must endeavor to provide for the advanced education of these young students; and this education should include a thorough training in manual lines. This cause needs keen-minded men and women, else it will be greatly crippled in its work; and it is the duty of our educational departments, general and local, to provide thorough facilities for the education of such.GCB May 20, 1909, page 80.2

Educational MagazineGCB May 20, 1909, page 80.3

For about six years the interests of the educational work have been served by a department in the REVIEW AND HERALD. Until the convention at College View in 1906, this department had two pages weekly in the REVIEW, since which time it has had eight pages monthly. Our work has grown to such proportions that it seems to demand the regular publication of an educational journal. Every effort must be made by our school workers to progress along all lines of educational effort. In order to do this, a journal of communication of larger scope than that afforded by the present means, seems to be required.GCB May 20, 1909, page 80.4

The Indebtedness Resting Upon Our SchoolsGCB May 20, 1909, page 80.5

One of the most serious problems that confronts our advanced schools is that of debt. The “Christ’s Object Lessons” campaign was of inestimable value to these schools. By it over three hundred thousand dollars was raised to apply on the debts encumbering them. However, many are yet heavily burdened with debts. This means not only a constant worry to the school management, but also a great loss in efficiency to the school. The amounts paid for interest would yield most valuable returns if they could be applied to additional teaching forces and much-needed equipment. Three years ago Keene Academy succeeded in removing its entire indebtedness, and the results are shown in increased facilities for effective work. Walla Walla College, of College Place, Wash., has just celebrated its “jubilee of freedom” from debt. Union College, Neb., had its plans all laid to remove its entire indebtedness, and without doubt would have succeeded over a year ago, had it not been for its disastrous fire, and for the panic which affected all the financial interests of the country. The Cooranbong (Australia) school, largely by means of its industries, has succeeded in relieving itself from debt; and incidentally we may say it offers by so doing valuable suggestions to other schools yet afflicted by this disease. Other schools, employing various plans, have been making special efforts in this direction.GCB May 20, 1909, page 80.6

We are rapidly coming into very perilous times, financial as well as religious, and our schools are liable to be hindered in their work if they are allowed to continue in their present financial condition; and a hindrance to these schools means a delay in our work in all lands, for from these schools come our workers.GCB May 20, 1909, page 80.7

Educational FundsGCB May 20, 1909, page 80.8

During the quadrennial term just passed, the Department of Education of the General Conference has undertaken the raising of two school funds,—one for a school plant in the Latin Union field; and one for the establishment of scholarship funds for the union conferences of Europe. The first fund has been closed, having raised about one thousand dollars. Work upon the second is just well under way, and will be continued into the next school year. These funds are raised by the students in our advanced schools in the United States. A most commendable spirit has been shown by them in thus undertaking to assist their needy young brethren and sisters in Europe. Such Christian enterprises have advantages of no small consequence to the general spirit of our schools.GCB May 20, 1909, page 80.9

Mission School EnterprisesGCB May 20, 1909, page 80.10

As the cause of present truth forges its way into the heart of heathen lands, it must, more and more, employ the school as a means not only of educating, for gospel service, those who have accepted our faith, but also as an agency through which to bring a knowledge of it to those who are unacquainted with it. Mission schools are conducted at the present time in Africa, India, China, and Mexico.GCB May 20, 1909, page 80.11

AfricaGCB May 20, 1909, page 80.12

In Africa we have schools established in Barotseland, Nyasaland, Basutoland, Maranatha, Somabula, Solusi, and German East Africa. The school in Barotseland has an enrollment of 43; there are three out-schools connected with this central school, with an enrollment of 31. This makes a total enrollment in the schools of this mission of 74. The Maranatha school has an enrollment of 13. The central school of the Nyasaland Mission is located at Cholo. There are six out-schools connected with this central school, and the enrollment of the seven schools is 150. The Somabula Mission school has an enrollment of 55, and the Solusi of 76. We are not informed of the enrollment of the school of the Basutoland Mission. The German East African Mission Field has three schools. In general it may be said that at these schools the natives receive some of the advantages and benefits of modern civilization; they are taught the common branches, together with Bible studies, and are thus prepared for gospel service. Many so develop that it is possible to use them as teachers and helpers in mission work among the tribes from which they come.GCB May 20, 1909, page 80.13

IndiaGCB May 20, 1909, page 80.14

The school work of India has been of a somewhat desultory nature. From the first those engaged in mission work have undertaken school enterprises as the situation seemed to demand, and their circumstances and resources would permit. The most continuous work has been at Karmatar, where a school was maintained for several years in connection with the orphanage at that place. It is now closed. For some months pastGCB May 20, 1909, page 80.15

Brother and Sister Burgess have conducted a Bible school for native evangelists near Mussoorie. They are, however, now planning to undertake training-school work of a more permanent nature for natives, in the Gharwal District. Among the Tamils and in Burma there are earnest calls being made for permanent school work, and it seems imperative that this Conference shall definitely arrange for these appeals to be answered.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.1

KoreaGCB May 20, 1909, page 81.2

The providence of God has seemed to lead particularly in the development of our cause in Korea by means of the schools. A building was donated to our people by the government, with the understanding that we should maintain a school for boys in it. This circumstance has made it possible to come into close touch with the people of Soonan, where this school is established. Just at present, the Korean nation is making rapid advancement in many lines, and it seems providential that we have thus entered the work in this field.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.3

JapanGCB May 20, 1909, page 81.4

For a number of years educational work has been conducted in Japan in connection with our evangelical efforts. The growth of our cause has been such that it has been definitely planned to establish a training-school. It will be opened as soon as possible, and will be under the charge of Prof. F. W. Field, who for years was connected with the educational interests of this country, and who has had charge of the Japan Mission for some time. We look for splendid results from this undertaking.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.5

ChinaGCB May 20, 1909, page 81.6

We have seven schools in China, employing eight teachers, with an enrollment of 170. The total school property and equipment are valued at about $1,500. At Canton we have a day-school and a boarding-school, both for girls. The boarding-school receives day pupils also.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.7

Definite plans are being laid for a system of schools in China to-day similar to those elsewhere in our regularly organized work. Primary schools are necessary wherever there is a company of believers, an intermediate school is required for every large center, and a training-school for each field. In this advanced school all native gospel workers should take a course. This school would receive pupils from the lower grades, and complete their preparation for service. There also appears to be an imperative need for a school adapted to the requirements of the children of our missionaries.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.8

MexicoGCB May 20, 1909, page 81.9

We have one church-school at Tacubaya in Mexico, and Mrs. U. C. Fattebert is conducting a mission school at San Luis Potosi. There are splendid opportunities for mission work in Mexico through the avenue of the school, as opportunities for the teaching of English are numerous.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.10

The Southern FieldGCB May 20, 1909, page 81.11

Two classes present themselves for school work in the South,—the poor whites and the colored people. Both are very needy. We now have thirty mission schools for colored children, employing thirty-six teachers. Four years ago there were about ten of these schools. They are supported by the Southern Missionary Society at a yearly expense of about $250 each. Industrial work is conducted in each of them as far as facilities permit; one does general farming. Eighteen have a school term of nine months. The teachers are all Bible and house-to-house mission workers; thus the influence of the schools extends to thousands of homes in all parts of the Southern and Southeastern union conferences. These schools are founded to assist in the establishment and maintenance of a church, in connection with which they are usually located. Among the poor whites, opportunities abound everywhere for earnest efforts. The school at Madison, Tenn., has been leading out in the preparation of workers for these people. Eight schools are already established, with an attendance of over 150 pupils.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.12

The general characteristics of these classes are such as to require faithful pastoral work, and it is necessary to live constantly among them. At the present time, perhaps as never before, the avenues of opportunity are wide open. There is now an era of progress in educational matters in the South. A carefully organized effort should be made to establish and conduct those school enterprises which will uplift the people by bringing to them the knowledge of Bible truths. The work which has been begun by those who have pioneered in this field must be fostered and thoroughly developed and organized. It is to be hoped that at this Conference some system of co-operation and wise supervision may be devised, whereby self-supporting enterprises shall be brought into close relationship with our general school organization, as this would naturally result in great benefit to these self-supporting interests.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.13

General Observations Concerning Mission SchoolsGCB May 20, 1909, page 81.14

The standards of education in heathen and in Christian lands are radically different. Illiteracy is great in the former. For instance, in China probably not one woman in ten thousand reads, and from sixty to ninety per cent of the men are illiterate. But the students who attend our schools show great aptness in learning. Even older persons are able to acquire enough knowledge to enable them to read and teach the Scriptures by reasonable effort, and it is no uncommon thing to see parents and their children studying in the same classes.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.15

The accommodations for schools for the natives do not have to be elaborate. Buildings can be very cheaply erected and plainly furnished. In China, except near the large open ports, an intermediate school sufficient for our interests can be erected for $500 or $600, and $1,500 would suffice for a training-school with boarding accommodations.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.16

Many of the students attending these schools will have to be supported almost entirely from mission funds. Parents, as a rule, are not able to bear the expenses of their children when they enter school. Labor is very cheap, and because this is so, there are few trades that can be made to pay. Often a man or a woman will work hard all day, and earn barely enough to purchase necessary food. At the present rate of exchange, $1.30 United States money will board a boy or a girl for a month in one of our native schools in China, and this is true in a general way with respect to other mission fields. Because of this cheap labor, it is difficult to establish industries of a paying character in connection with these mission schools.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.17

It is incumbent upon us to lay broad plans at once for the advancement of our school interests in all these lands of missionary effort—plans that are in some degree commensurate with the great needs of the fields and the mighty work that must be done ere our Lord comes. More and more it is made apparent, as our cause becomes established in these lands, that well-organized school work must be conducted. In China a force of nine thousand native laborers must be trained to provide as many workers in proportion to the population as the Southern field of the United States now has,—and we consider the Southern field a destitute one.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.18

ConclusionGCB May 20, 1909, page 81.19

The advance which we are able to report in our school work should stimulate us to greater activity in the future. All our school interests have grown very rapidly, and a large amount of energy has naturally been consumed in making provision for and attending to this growth. There is need—great need—of strengthening, in many respects, that which we have now established. It is not a question alone of the number of schools or the number of students in attendance; of greater importance is the character of work which we do. As a people, we must have the highest ideals of Christian education. Our message is to go into the highways as well as into the byways—to the learned as well as to the illiterate.GCB May 20, 1909, page 81.20

As the schools of the prophets were an inspiration and uplift to the people of Israel, and as the work of Martin Luther at the University of Wittenburg gave the heart-beat to the Reformation, so must our schools in all parts of the world sound forth in no uncertain voice the key-note of this great message. A spirit of earnest research for truth and a vigor in presenting it, must possess them. They must be uplifted by the Lord, that they may uplift man. They are to help mightily this great cause of truth in its onward march to all lands.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.1

The Avondale SchoolGCB May 20, 1909, page 82.2

The Chairman: We have fifty minutes left of this meeting, to hear from others who have been out at work in the fields. There are ten leaders in the school work who have come forward, and we will let them take such time as they think best. We are all very glad, I know, to hear from Professor Irwin, who hails from Avondale, Australia.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.3

C. W. Irwin: It has been my privilege to be connected with the Avondale School for eight years. I was not with it at the time of its inception and organization; but there are many present here to-day who were there at that time. Among others I mention Sister E. G. White and Brother W. C. White, Brethren A. G. Daniells, C. B. Hughes, M. Hare, H. C. Lacey, and S. N. Haskell and wife. These and others whom I might name have been connected with that school in the earlier years of its history.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.4

The educational work in Australasia was started in the city of Melbourne, under the name of the Australasian Bible School. After a time it became necessary to seek permanent quarters for the school; and in harmony with the light that had been given through Sister White, it was planned to find a country location. In this step the brethren sought God most earnestly; and, with the counsel and direction of Sister White, a location was obtained about seventy-five miles northeast of Sydney, in New South Wales.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.5

The appearance of the place to any one who might come to it not understanding all the circumstances, would doubtless be somewhat forbidding; and I believe that at that time there was a question in the minds of some as to the propriety of locating there. But it would appear that the providences of God were especially directing in this work, and it became clear to Sister White that this place, above all others, should be selected as the site for the school for the Australasian field.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.6

As time has gone on, and we have had an opportunity to watch the work develop, we can say most assuredly from our experience that God led in the selection of this place. Everything that had been said about the location of the school in this place, has been fulfilled—everything.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.7

The Chairman: Please repeat that last sentence, Professor Irwin, so that all will understand just what you have said.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.8

C. W. Irwin: I would say that Sister White had a good deal to say about this location; and although it was forbidding in appearance, she said that this was the place, and that we should locate here; and I say that in our experience everything she said concerning this place has proved true.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.9

In starting the school in Cooranbong, she made the statement that the school to be started in Australasia was not to pattern after any other school, either in that country or in the United States. It was to be different from any other school.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.10

Something like nearly forty years ago, about the time of the beginning of the old Battle Creek College, Sister White gave us light on the subject of industrial schools; but for some reason or other we have been very slow to appreciate that light. Hence, in opening the school in Australasia, she desired that it should not be patterned after any other school in the world; and so, in that place, as perhaps in no other of our schools, the Lord had an opportunity to develop a plan that is more in accordance with the light that has been given.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.11

As already stated, I became connected with the school eight years ago; and I have found that the brethren, in counsel with Sister White, had made such broad and liberal plans for the school, that throughout my eight years’ connection with it I have never yet needed to change a single plan they had laid down. God guided in the establishment of the work there, and all we have endeavored to do during these eight years, has simply been to develop more fully the plans already made. I believe the working out of this has proved that God’s instruction was true.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.12

It would necessarily follow that in starting a school of that kind, in a field where the constituency was small, and where the people had been passing through serious difficulty financially, there would be a large indebtedness at the beginning; and at the same time there was an indebtedness of about $23,000 on the school. It was about this time that the plan of selling the book, “Christ’s Object Lessons,” was launched, and our brethren in that country took hold of this work with an earnest purpose to carry out the instruction regarding it. As a result of their efforts, up to the present time, something over $20,000 has been received from the sale of “Christ’s Object Lessons” for the school. The indebtedness being $23,000 when we started, practically all the original indebtedness has been liquidated by the sale of “Christ’s Object Lessons.” This proves that what God said might be accomplished can be accomplished, as regards the liquidation of our school debts through the sale of “Object Lessons.”GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.13

At the beginning of the “Object Lessons” campaign, the present worth of the Avondale School was about $23,000. The present worth of the school to-day is about $67,000. Adding $20,000, the amount that has been received, to the $23,000 present worth, makes $43,000. Subtract this from $67,000, the present worth, and you will notice that the school has made during the past eight years about $24,000. This proves that industrial schools can be made to pay.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.14

When we began our work at this school, eight years ago, the students were earning about $2,000 a year in the industrial work; that is, they were working sufficient to receive a credit of two thousand dollars a year. That work has steadily grown from that day to this, until, when our last statement was drawn, Sept. 30, 1908, it was shown that the students, during the preceding year, had earned $20,000 on their education.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.15

R. A. Underwood: They were credited that amount?GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.16

C. W. Irwin: Yes: something over $20,000.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.17

A Delegate: What is the attendance?GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.18

C. W. Irwin: The total enrollment generally goes up to about two hundred students. That includes, however, the church-school, which generally numbers about 35. The last four years we have had all the homes full; that means about 125 students.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.19

During the past year we have erected a large, three-story building for the accommodation of our ladies, with a good parlor; we have made an addition to our dining-room; and we have put up a good-sized printing office, 40 x 80 feet. These improvements, including an electric-light plant, have all been made from the earnings of the school. Since the inauguration of the “Christ’s Object Lessons” work, we have never called for a penny of donations from the field. We believe that when the Lord says that an industrial school can be conducted successfully, financially as well as otherwise, the only thing for us to do is to take hold and prove that what he has said is true.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.20

I am aware, however, that financial figures are not necessarily the best sign of success in a school. It was said at that time, also, that this school was to prepare missionaries to go out into various fields; and, as you know, we in Australia have a large missionary field, representing many millions of people.GCB May 20, 1909, page 82.21

O. A. Olsen: Between sixty-five and seventy millions.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.1

C. W. Irwin: We have a field, Brother Olsen says, representing between sixty-five and seventy millions. Most of these are natives, who must be reached by this present truth. Five years ago we did not have more than two or three from the Avondale School in these mission fields, but to-day nearly 30 from our school are engaged in active labor in these fields. We hope that an increasing stream of laborers will go forth from the Avondale School into these needy fields.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.2

In reference to the industries in our school: A farm of 1,500 acres was purchased at first, and later other land was secured. Some of this land has been sold, but at the present we have about 1,100 acres. About 100 acres of this land is under cultivation, and the rest is what is known in Australia as “bush land,” or forest. Farming is one of our principal industries. In fact, we raise all the fruit, vegetables, etc., used on our school table. Every month in the year we get something from the farm for use on our table. We have found out one thing about our location; and that is that while Australia is a drought-stricken country, this particular place seems to have quite a uniform rainfall. There is better land in some other parts of Australia, some that will produce as high as fifty bushels of wheat to the acre; but we have found that it is better to be where there is rain; for without that, the better land is of little value.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.3

There was started in connection with this school a small printing plant, and also a food factory. However, these were not very closely associated with the school. In fact, for the first two or three years, we had very little to do with the food factory, except to cart the foods to the station and provide their fuel. The printing plant was also run, to some extent, as a separate concern. However, as time went on, it was made clear to the brethren that these ought to be under one management. When this was finally done, it made a very large affair; but what God said about this has proved true, as well as other things. I never discovered until about a year ago that Sister White had said that these industries should be run as a department of the school. Some of the brethren will remember that the food factory was given the name of “white elephant.” It not only was a white elephant, but it got bigger and bigger until it became a regular Jumbo; and it was such a difficulty that it was becoming a financial menace to the union conference. As a last resort, it was turned over to us, and they told us to do what we could with it. When we took it over, if I remember correctly, it was about $9,000 worse off than nothing; that is, if everything connected with it had been sold at its inventory valuation, it would still have been $9,000 in debt. But when we obey God, these difficulties right themselves, and hence we endeavored to take hold of that work, and see what we could do with it. It was not all smooth sailing; but I am glad to say that an indebtedness of about $27,000 has been reduced to $17,000. We hope this good record will continue until this indebtedness is entirely liquidated.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.4

I may say here that when stating the present worth of the school as $67,000, I did not include either the food factory or the printing plant. If these two were added, it would considerably increase the present worth of the Avondale School. The work in our printing plant and in our food factory has grown until at the present time we have an income of from two to three thousand dollars a month from these departments. This amount in cash each month helps us out considerably. But if we had not acted upon the instruction God gave us on this matter, we would not have had this income, and would not have been able to help so many students.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.5

If it were not for these industries, we would have to say to 100 out of the 125 students, “You must go home, for we can not carry you.” As it is, we are carrying about 100 out of 125 who attend our school.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.6

I was reading in the Testimonies only yesterday that there ought to be 20 young people in the work to-day where we have only one. If we had, years ago, followed this plan of establishing industrial schools, doubtless we would be in that position now, and would be very much nearer the kingdom than we are now. Thousands of young men and women can not attend our schools, and pay their way, because they do not have the money. It seems to me that we should enlarge our industrial school plans until all these can receive a training to become workers in the cause of God. In many instances those who have to work their way through school prove to be the very best workers. The struggle they make to obtain an education seems especially to fit them to cope with the difficulties they meet when they get into the work.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.7

Our three principal industrial departments at the present time are the farm, the printing office, and the food factory. In all our industrial work we have endeavored to introduce and to continue only those departments which relate to the message. In our health food work we believe we are making something that pertains to that which has been termed the “right arm of the message;” in our printing office we do no commercial work, printing only truth-laden literature. Thus our students are working directly on the message while gaining a valuable experience in manual labor, and earning part or all of their expenses in the school. We do not expect to introduce any department which will not work directly for the message itself. Of course we have a number of small departments, such as the blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, paint shop, etc., which contribute to keeping the buildings and machinery in repair.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.8

Question: Do you have a dairy and an apiary?GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.9

Prof. Irwin: Yes, we have about ninety colonies of bees. One year they made about ten tons of honey. We have fifteen cows.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.10

Question: Do you realize anything from your timber?GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.11

Prof. Irwin: We do, by using it for fuel, fences, etc.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.12

Question: Do you use the scholarship plan in your territory?GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.13

Prof. Irwin: Yes, they are beginning to use that plan now, and I think our people will make a success of it. The Australian young people seem to have a gift for canvassing.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.14

A. G. Daniells: They have a gift for good, hard work.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.15

Prof. Irwin: Perhaps that is it.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.16

A. G. Daniells: We would like to hear from Professor Lacey, who is in charge of the school at Watford, England.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.17

Prof. H. C. Lacey: I am very glad to be connected with our English school. I can say to you this morning that it is a good school. I have been connected with several of our institutions,—two years in Battle Creek, six years in Healdsburg, three years in Cooranbong, and five years in England,—and I am not exaggerating when I say that there is quite as good a class of young people in attendance, looked at in every way, in our English school, as there has been at other schools with which I have been connected.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.18

We have no buildings as yet, and very little equipment. At present we occupy the residence upon the estate which was purchased for our general institutions. The health food factory and the printing-office are housed in comfortable buildings, but the school has not been erected. We are therefore somewhat cramped in our facilities for the conduct of our educational work. Our chapel is the dining-room of the house; our class-rooms are the servants’ bed-rooms (small rooms in the rear of the building); and last year we had to meet in the hall, and bring chairs into the front hall for a classroom.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.19

I wish to speak of some of the encouraging features. The spiritual interest has been very encouraging. During the two years since we have been in Watford, every student in the school has been converted. During the past year, twice every student has given himself to God, and expressed his determination to labor in the cause of the third angel’s message. There is a good spirit of labor among the students. Without any direction from the management, they set themselves to helping one another. Little prayer-meetings have been held, and a spirit of earnest labor has been manifested in the school.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.20

When the “Christ’s Object Lessons” campaign was introduced, as it was this year, there was a hearty and instantaneous response. The quota apportioned in the English field was three copies per capita. The matter was presented, and instantly the students responded. Five said they would sell fifty copies each. In a short time 45 students pledge 605 books; and 405 copies have already been sold, and the cash turned in. I am expecting that in a short time the whole list will have been put in the hands of the people.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.21

Our students are interested in the foreign field. There are 23 of our present students who have expressed their determination to give themselves to the foreign field if called of God. Our enrollment has been 83 the past year, but the attendance has been 68 or 70. We have 45 in the homes.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.22

There is a misapprehension on the part of some of my fellow teachers as to the character of the work we are doing. It is not a primary school; it is perhaps an intermediate school and a college combined. We give considerable attention to the study of language, feeling that it is essential for those who are going out into fields where some linguistic attainment is necessary, to give earnest attention to this study.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.23

Our great problem is the financial question. I wish we had something on the plan which has been so successfully carried on in the Cooranbong School. No doubt that is before us in the near future.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.24

While the school was located in London, our finances were provided by the students selling papers on Sunday. Present Truth and Good Health are more readily sold on Sunday than during the week. Consequently the students would go out on Sunday morning with a supply of papers, and sell a sufficient number to pay their way. Some married men with families have been able to pay all their expenses and their tuition fees by canvassing in this way on Sunday. They make one cent and a half on each paper. When we were in London, we were unable properly to house our students, and they had to find rooms in the vicinity of the school. This location, however, gave an opportunity to sell our papers readily, and so provided an easy way for the students to pay their expenses and attend the school. Since we have located in Watford, we find that the expense is too great to go back and forth to London, and so the students can not take up this work as they formerly did. Then, too, the cost of transportation on Sunday is much greater than on other days. The expenses of the students are about $3.50 a week.GCB May 20, 1909, page 83.25

On the estate there is a health food factory, and some work is given our students there. But because of present conditions, every student comes out at the end of the year in debt. If our industrial facilities were better, our attendance would be much greater. Last year we had 150 applications from excellent young men to come to the school, but were able to take only about 75.GCB May 20, 1909, page 84.1

I am of good courage in the work. I believe there is a good future before us. We have already matured plans for a fine building. We have a beautiful situation, and when the present building, now in hand, is completed, we shall be well equipped with the material facilities for carrying forward our work. I anticipate that God will give us his rich blessing, and that this department of our work will be successful and will further the interests of this great message. May God so grant.GCB May 20, 1909, page 84.2

The Friedensau SchoolGCB May 20, 1909, page 84.3

A. G. Daniells: We will now call upon Prof. O. Luepke to address us. He has charge of the Friedensau School, in Germany.GCB May 20, 1909, page 84.4

O. Luepke: [Elder Boettcher interpreting.] Although I rendered my report a few days ago, I thought I would simply mention at this time the condition of our school with reference to what Professor Griggs has said. He remarked that it was necessary for the missionary field and school to co-operate. I am glad to say that we are working to this end in Germany. I can only say that the success of our school has largely been the result of the missionary work in the field, and it has been our aim to strengthen the school from year to year, in discipline, missionary efforts, and otherwise. The different conferences and missionary fields have sent the best students to our school. As soon as they had finished their course of study, they were ready to go into the field as missionaries. We had no difficulty to find places of labor for them. When the students had completed their course, our conferences have always been ready to employ them. To my knowledge, not one has returned to us after he has begun to labor, but has gone on in the missionary work. Out of 650 students we have sent out 350 as missionaries, and to-day our enrollment is 140.GCB May 20, 1909, page 84.5

Another point which I might mention is the matter of helping the needy who have not the means to pay for their training in the school. In Germany we can not count on many students paying their entire way. Among these needy students are those who have good qualifications for missionaries. We have never thought to keep back any student who had not money enough to pay his way, so we endeavored from the very beginning to establish in the different fields, and in the union, an educational fund. When our students have finished their course of study, they leave, generally speaking, with debts from $100 to $125 each. This seems like a large sum, speaking from a German standpoint, but we expect our young workers who go out into the different conferences, to pay their indebtedness from the earnings which they receive from the conference. In this the conferences give us great aid. If the different presidents or committees see that these young students are doing good work, they give them, at the audit, at the close of the year, from $25 to $75, and thus within two or three years they are able to pay their school debt.GCB May 20, 1909, page 84.6

We have been especially favored in sending out missionaries into foreign fields. I would put an emphasis on this. And because of the missionaries that are sent out to our foreign lands, there is a live missionary spirit in the school. We do not think of sending the inferior students to foreign fields, but we choose the very cream of the students. We are today in a situation to erect another new building, as our present school building is entirely filled; this will probably be completed in July. As we look upon the mission fields that are connected with our union, and see there the great work to be done, we see the necessity of our school doing its part in this great work. I can only say again that the Lord has blessed us in the past, and we have bright prospects for the future. The work is a great one, but, with the help of God, we shall gain the victory.GCB May 20, 1909, page 84.7

The meeting adjourned.GCB May 20, 1909, page 84.8

A. G. DANIELLS, Chairman,
W. A. SPICER, Secretary.

Departmental Meetings

TWELFTH MEETING