Loading...
Larger font
Smaller font
Copy
Print
Contents
INTAMBARA IKOMEYE - Contents
  • Results
  • Related
  • Featured
No results found for: "".
  • Weighted Relevancy
  • Content Sequence
  • Relevancy
  • Earliest First
  • Latest First
    Larger font
    Smaller font
    Copy
    Print
    Contents

    IGICE CYA 35 - INTEGO Z’UBUPAPA

    Muri iki gihe Ubupapa bw’i Roma bwuzuye n’Ubuporotesitanti cyane kuruta mu myaka ya kera. Mu bihugu bimwe aho Gatolika ifite abizera bake, kandi ubupapa bukaba bukora ibikorwa byo kwiyunga kugira ngo bwireherezeho abantu, uhasanga hari ukutita ku nyigisho zatumye amatorero y’ubugorozi atandukana n’ubutegetsi bw’ubupapa; igitekerezo gikomeje gutangwa, bagira bati, ‘ na mbere hose, ubu ntitugitandukanye cyane ku ngingo z’ingenzi nk’uko byari bimeze mbere, kandi akantu gato k’umwihariko kari kadutandukanyije kazatuma twumvikana na Roma. Ibyo ni igihe Abaporotesitanti bahaga agaciro gakomeye umudendezo w’umutimanama w’umuntu wari waramaze kwigarurirwa. Bigishaga abana babo ko bakwiriye kugendera kure ubupapa kandi ko gushaka kugirana ubumwe na Roma, byaba ari ukugomera Imana. Mbega uko muri iki gihe ibyo bitekerezo bitandukanye n’uko byavugwaga mbere !II 549.1

    Abashyigikiye Ubupapa bahamya ko itorero ryaharabitswe, kandi Abaporotesitanti bakomeje kwemera iyo mvugo. Abantu benshi bemeza ko bidakwiriye gucira urubanza itorero ryo muri iki gihe kubera ibizira n’ibidatunganye byariranze mu gihe cy’imyaka y’ubujiji n’umwijima. Basabye imbabazi z’ubwo bugome buteye ubwoba nk’ingaruka z’ibikorwa by’ubunyamaswa bwo muri icyo gihe kandi bemeza ko iterambere ryo muri iki gihe ryahinduye ibitekerezo by’itorero.II 549.2

    Mbese aba bantu baba baribagiwe ingingo ikomeye yari ishyizwe imbere n’ubwo bubasha bwishyize hejuru mu gihe cy’imyaka magana inani ko badashobora kugwa mu cyaha cyangwa gufudika? Nyuma y’igihe kirekire iyo mvugo iretswe, yongeye kwemezwa mu kinyejana cya cumi n’icyenda, afite imbaraga ikomeye kuruta mbere. Nk’uko Roma ibyemeza igira iti, ‘‘ itorero ntiryibeshye; kandi ntirishobora kwibeshya, hagendewe ku Byanditswe, ntiriteze kuyoba’‘, 1John L. von Mosheim, Institutes of Ecclesiastical History,book 3, century11, part2, chapter 2, section9, note 17 ni buryo ki ryashobora kwigarika amahame yaryo yarigenze imyaka myinshi?II 549.3

    Itorero ry’ubupapa ntirizigera rireka guhamya ko ritibeshya. Ibyo ryakoze byose rirenganya abahakanye inyigisho zaryo, riracyahamya ko byari mu kuri; ariko se ntirizongera gukora ibikorwa nk’ibyo ryakoze niriramuka ribonye umwanya? Mureke amategeko yashyizweho na leta z’isi akurweho maze Roma yongere gusubirana imbaraga yahoranye mbere, kandi ububyutse mu gutoteza n’akarengane yakoraga ntibizazuyaza kongera kubaho.II 550.1

    Umwanditsi w’ikirangirire avuga ku myitwarire y’ubutegetsi bw’Ubupapa ku byerekeye umudendezo w’umutimanama hamwe n’amakuba ateye ubwoba cyane cyane muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika atuma zitagera ku miyoborere yayo :II 550.2

    ‘‘Hari benshi babona ko ubutegetsi bwa Gatolika y’i Roma bufite ubwoba muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika kubera uburyarya cyangwa kutagira ibitekerezo bihamye. Bene abo nta cyo babona mu mico no mu myitwarire y’Ubupapa kibangamiye uburenganzira bw’ibigo byacu byigenga, cyangwa ngo hagire ikintu kidasanzwe basanga mu majyambere yaryo. None rero, mureke tugereranye amwe mu mahame shingiro ya Leta yacu n’amahame y’itorero Gatolika.II 550.3

    ‘‘Itegeko nshinga rya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ritanga umudendezo w’umutimanama ku muntu wese. Nta kindi kigeretseho.. Papa Pius IX, mu rwandiko rwe yandikiye abantu bose rwo ku wa 15 Kanama 1854 yaravuze ati: “Inyigisho ziteye urujijo kandi z’ibinyoma cyangwa za kinyamaswa zishyigikiye umudendezo w’umutimanama ni kirimbuzi iyobya — ni icyorezo mu bindi byose, giteye ubwoba mu gihugu.’ Na none uwo Mupapa yongeye kwandika urundi rwandiko ku wa 8 Ukuboza 1864 avuma “abemeza ko umuntu akwiye umudendezo w’umutimanama n’uwo idini mu byo kuramya,” hamwe n’abandi bose bashyigikiye ko itorero ridakwiriye gukoresha imbaraga. ”II 550.4

    Ijwi ry’amahoro rya Roma muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, ntirisobanura ihinduka ry’umutima. Riba irinyambabazi aho rigaragara ko rikeneye gufashwa. Umwepisikopi witwa O’Connor aravuga ati: ‘Umudendezo w’idini uzabaho by’urwiyerurutso kugeza igihe hazashobora gukorwa ikinyuranije nawo ntibigire icyo bihungabanya abanyagatolika.’ Umwepisikopi mukuru w’ahitwa Mutagatifu Ludoviko yigeze kuvuga ati:“Ubuhakanyi no kutizera ni ubugome; kandi mu bihugu bya Gikristo, nko mu Butaliyana no muri Esipanye, aho abaturage bose ari Abagatolika, kandi idini Gatolika rikaba ariyo rigize umugabane w’ingenzi w’amategeko y’igihugu, ubuhakanyi no kutizera bihanirwa nk’ubundi bugome. ...”II 551.1

    ‘‘Umukaridinali wese, Umwepisikopi mukuru n’umwepisikopi wo mu itorero Gatolika, arahirira imbere ya Papa indahiro y’ubuyoboke, irimo amagambo akurikira: “Abahakanyi, abitandukanya n’abagomera ibyo wowe twita nyirubutungane (papa) wavuze, cyangwa ibizavugwa n’abazagusimbura, nzakora uko nshoboye kose, mbatoteze kandi mbarwanye. “ 2Josiah Strong, Our Country ch. 5. p. 2-4.II 551.2

    Ni koko mu itorero Gatolika, harimo abakristo nyakuri. Abantu ibihumbi byinshi bo muri iryo torero bakorera Imana bakurikije umucyo wabarasiye. Ntibemerewe kwiyigisha Ijambo ry’Imana, ni cyo gituma batigenzurira ukuri. Ntabwo bigeze na rimwe babona itandukaniro riri hagati yo gusenga guturutse ku mutima wiyeguriye Imana n’ukw’icyitiriro, uko kurangiza umihango. Imana irebana imbabazi n’impuhwe nyinshi bene abo bantu, bigishijwe kwizera gufuditse kandi kudashyitse. Izohereza imirase y’umucyo irasire mu mwijima w’icuraburindi ubagose. Izabahishurira ukuri nk’uko kuri muri Yesu, kandi benshi bazafata icyemezo giheruka cyo gufatanya n’abantu bayo.II 551.3

    Ariko ubugatolika bw’i Roma, bugendeye ku mategeko yabwo bwite, muri iki gihe ntibuvuga rumwe n’ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo nko mu bihe byabwo bya kera. Amatorero y’Abaporotesitanti ari mu mwijima w’icuraburindi, kandi bari bakwiriye kugenzura neza ibimenyetso by’ibihe. Itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma, ntiriragera ku mugambi wo gusohoza imigambi n’uburyo bw’imikorere byaryo. Rirakoresha uburyo bwose kugira ngo rimenyekane hose kandi rigwize imbaraga zaryo mu gihe ryitegura intambara ikomeye yo kongera gutegeka isi yose, kugira ngo ribone uko ryongera kurenganya no gukumira ibyo Ubuporotestitanti bwigisha. Itorero Gatolika rikomeje kwitabirwa impande zose. Imibare ya za Kiliziya n’insengero ntoya birarushaho kwiyongera cyane mu bihugu bya Giporotesitanti. Murebe kwamamara kw’amashuri n’ibigo by’amahugurwa byabo byiganje muri Amerika, kandi abigishwa bagwiriyemo ni Abaporotesitanti. Reba ubwiyongere bw’imihango y’idini yabo mu Bwongereza n’uburyo bakomeje gutandukira ngo bashyikire Gatolika. Ibi byose bikwiriye guhwitura abazi agaciro k’amabwiriza nyakuri y’ubutumwa bwiza.II 552.1

    Abaporotesitanti bifatanyije kandi bivanga n’ubupapa; bagiranye amasezerano ndetse babegurira ububasha kugeza aho Abagatolika nabo ubwabo bibatangaza ndetse bananirwa kubyiyumvisha. Abantu barasinziriza ngo badasobanukirwa imico n’imyifatire bya Roma n’akaga kagiye guterwa n’isumbwe ryayo. Abantu bakeneye gukangurwa hakiri kare kugira ngo barwanye uwo mwanzi uteye ubwoba w’umudendezo w’abizera Imana n’uw’abantu muri rusange.II 552.2

    Abaporotesitanti benshi bibwira ko idini Gatolika ritareshya abantu kandi ko gusenga kwabo kugizwe n’imigenzo gusa, nta busobanuro gufite. Aha barishuka. N’ubwo inyigisho z’i Roma zishingiye ku binyoma, ntabwo ari igishyinga cy’ubushukanyi cyitaruye. Gahunda yo gusenga mu itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma, ni imihango itangaje cyane. Ukwigaragaza guhebuje n’imigenzo byaryo byakuruye intekerezo z’abantu, kandi bicecekesha ijwi ry’umutimanama wabo. Rireshya amaso. Insengero z’agahozo, imitambagiro ihoraho, intambiro z’izahabu n’imitamirizo byo muri za Kiliziya nyinshi, amabara atatse, n’ibishushanyo bimanitse, byose bikurura amaso n’ibitekerezo by’abakunzi b’ibisa neza. Amatwi nayo ahugira kumva. Muzika ni agahebuzo ntacyo wayigereranya. Amajwi ahuje y’inanga z’amoko menshi aherekejwe n’injyana igizwe n’amajwi menshi, arangirira mu minara ya za Kiliziya nini cyane, ibyo byose bigatwara intekerezo z’abaramya maze bakubaha.II 552.3

    Uko kurabagirana kw’inyuma, kwigaragaza n’imigenzo bikwena imitima irembejwe n’ibyaha, ni igihamya cy’ububore bw’imbere. Idini ya Kristo ntikeneye bene ibyo birangaza, ngo ikunde yemerwe. Mu mucyo urasa uturutse ku musaraba gusa, niho ubukristo nyakuri bugaragarira ko buboneye kandi bunejeje abantu bose, ko budakeneye imirimbo y’inyuma ngo bukunde bwerekane agaciro kabwo. Ubwiza bwo kuzira inenge, kwicisha bugufi n’umutima wo gutuza, nibyo bifite agaciro imbere y’Imana.II 553.1

    Gushashagirana si byo kimenyetso cyo kubonera, n’ibitekerezo bihanitse. Imyumvire yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kwigwandika no kwihwereza, kenshi biba mu ntekerezo no mu byumviro by’ab’isi. Kenshi ibyo bikoreshwa na Satani kwibagiza abantu iby’ingenzi imitima yabo ikeneye, ntibabone uko ahazaza hazaba hameze, bikabemeza ko ubugingo budapfa, bakanamuka ku Umufasha wabo uhebuje byose, ibyiringiro byabo bikagarukira kuri iyi si honyine.II 553.2

    Idini y’ibigaragara inyuma ireshya gusa imitima itarabyawe ubwa kabiri. Gahunda n’imigenzo yo gusenga by’itorero Gatolika, bifite imbaraga ziyobya abantu benshi; kugeza n’aho bemera ko iryo torero ry’i Roma nk’irembo ry’ijuru. Nta n’umwe usibye gusa abahagaze bashikamye ku rufatiro rw’ukuri, imitima yabo ikemera kugira mishya na Mwuka Muziranenge, nibo batazemera gutwarwa n’ibikorwa byaryo. Ibihumbi byinshi by’abantu batimenyereje kubana na Kristo, bazahururira kwizera ibindi bijya kumera nk’Imana nyamara ari nta mbaraga bifite. Bene iyo dini ni yo rubanda nyamwinshi bifuza.II 553.3

    Itorero rihamya ko rifite uburenganzira bwo kubabarira abantu ibyaha, ryatumye abagatolika bumva bafite umudendezo wo gukora ibyaha; kandi itegeko ryo kwicuza ibyaha rigendana no kubabarirwa, naryo risa n’irimara impungenge zo gukora ibibi. Upfukamira umuntu wacumuye, akemera kwicuza ibyaha amumenera amabanga ye n’ibyo atekereza mu mutima we, aba yiyononnye kandi atesheje agaciro ibyo atekereza mu mutima we byose. Kumenera umutambyi ibanga ry’ibyaha umuntu yakoze mu mibereho ye - nk’impabe, umunyabyaha upfa, ndetse kenshi na kenshi yabaswe n’ibisindisha no kutirinda — uwo muntu imico mbonera ye ijya ku rwego rugayitse, kandi ingaruka ni ukwangirika. Uko atekereza Imana abishyira ku rwego atekereza umuntu waguye mu cyaha, bitewe n’uko umutambyi aba ari mu cyimbo cy’Imana. Uko kwihana ibyaha umuntu yihana ku wundi muntu, ni isoko ikomokamo ibibi byinshi byangiza isi kandi biyitegurira kurimbuka guheruka. Nyamara abakunda kwinezeza, bashimishwa no kwaturira ibyaha byabo mugenzi wabo ufite kamere ipfa, kuruta gukingurira Imana imitima yabo. Birushaho kuryohera kamere muntu kwicuza ibyaha kuruta kubyihana no kubireka; biroroshye kubabarisha umubiri kwambara ibigunira no kwisiga ivu no kwibohesha iminyururu kuruta kubamba irari ry’umubiri. Umutwaro uremereye ni uwo umutima wa kamere wifuza kwikorera kuruta gucishwa bugufi n’uwo Yesu.II 554.1

    Hari isano ikomeye iri hagati y’itorero ry’i Roma n’itorero ry’Abayuda ryo mu gihe Yesu yazaga bwa mbere. N’ubwo Abayuda bakandagiraga amategeko y’Imana mu ibanga, ku mugaragaro berekanaga ko bayakomeza cyane ndetse ku giti cyabo bakongeraho n’undi mugereka w’umwihariko wo kuyakabiriza n’imigenzo yabo aribyo byatumye kuyakomeza bihinduka bigorana kandi biba umutwaro uremereye. Nk’uko Abayuda bavugaga ko bakomeza amategeko, n’itorero rya Roma rivuga ko ryubaha umusaraba. Baha ikuzo ikimenyetso cy’umubabaro wa Kristo, ariko mu bugingo bwabo bagahakana Uwo cyerekezaho.II 554.2

    Ubupapa bwujuje imisaraba muri kiliziya zabo, ku ntambiro no ku myambaro yabo. Ahantu hose uhasanga ikimenyetso cy’Umusaraba. Ahantu hose umusaraba uri harubahwa kandi hagahabwa ikuzo. Ariko inyigisho za Kristo zo bazihambye hagati y’imihango itagira umumaro, ubusobanuro bw’ibinyoma n’imigenzo idashyitse. Amagambo y’Umukiza yerekeye Abayuda b’abiyemezi cyane, akoreshwa no ku bayobozi b’itorero Gatolika b’i Roma: ‘’Bahambirira abantu imitwaro iremereye bakayibashyira ku ntugu nyamara bo bakaba batakwemera kuyikozaho n’urutoki.’‘ 3Matayo 23:4 Abantu bafite ibitekerezo bitunganye, bashyirwaho iterabwoba ryo guhora batinya umujinya w’Imana bacumuyeho, igihe benshi mu banyacyubahiro mu itorero bidamarariye mu munezero w’ibyaha.II 554.3

    Gusenga ibishushanyo n’imibiri y’abapfuye, kwiyambaza abatagatifu, no guha Papa ikuzo, ibyo byose ni ubuhendanyi bwa Satani bwo kuvana ibitekerezo by’abantu ku Mana no ku Mwana wayo. Kugira ngo abageze mu irimbukiro, yihatira gukura intekerezo zabo k’Uwo bashobora kuboneramo agakiza gusa. Aberekeza ku kintu cyose cyashobora gusimbura Uwavuze ati:“Mwese abarushye n’abaremerewe, nimuze munsange mbaruhure.” 4Matayo 11:28II 555.1

    Satani akorana umwete mwinshi kugira ngo agaragaze imico y’Imana uko itari, kamere y’icyaha, n’ipfundo nyakuri ry’intambara ikomeye. Ubuhanga bwe bupfobya icyo amategeko mvajuru asaba maze bugaha abantu uburenganzira bwo gukora icyaha. Nanone kandi, atuma abantu bagira imyumvire ipfuye ku Mana kugira ngo bayitinye kandi bayange aho kuyikunda. Ubugizi bwa nabi Satani asanganywe mu mico ye, abwikuraho maze akabugereka ku Muremyi; ibyo abikora mu rwego rw’idini maze bigasohozwa mu buryo bwo kuramya. Nuko ubwenge bw’abantu bukarindagira, maze Satani akabagira ingabo ze zirwanya Imana. Kubwo kugoreka imico y’Imana, amahanga ya gipagani yaboneyeho kwizera ko ari ngombwa gutamba ibitambo by’abantu kugira ngo Imana ibemere; maze ubugome buteye ubwoba bugakorwa bitwaje uburyo bunyuranye bwo gusenga ibigirwamana.II 555.2

    Itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma ryahuje imigenzo ya gipagani n’iya gikristo, nk’uko itorero rya gipagani ryabigenje, ryerekana imico y’Imana uko itari, ryibanda ku bikorwa bikabije ubugome kandi biyobya. Mu gihe Roma yashyirwaga hejuru bikomeye, hari ibikoresho byakoreshwaga mu iyica rubozo kugira ngo abantu bemere inyigisho za Roma ku gahato. Hari harateguye igiti gisongoye cyo gutwikiraho abatemera amahame yabo. Bateguraga ubwicanyi bw’indengakamere utashobora gusobanura kugeza ubwo buzerekanwa ku munsi w’urubanza. Abanyacyubahiro bo mu itorero, bayobowe na Shebuja Satani bigishijwe guhimba uburyo bwose bukomeye bwo kwica urubozo kandi badahorahoje abatemera inyigisho zabo. Inshuro nyinshi, gushinyagurira abantu byakomezaga gukorwa kugeza aho umuntu ananirwa kubyihanganira, maze akanamuka, akageza aho abona ko gupfa ari byo byiza.II 555.3

    Uko niko abahakanaga inyigisho za Roma bagenzwaga. Naho abizera babo bo bahanishwaga gukubitwa imikoba, ubundi bakabicisha inzara, bagahanishwa kubabaza imibiri yabo uburyo bwose babona ko bwababaza umutima. Kugira ngo bahamye neza ko ijuru ribemeye, abicuzaga ibyaha bicaga amategeko y’Imana, bica amategeko y’ibyaremwe. Bigishwaga guca imirunga yashyizweho n’Imana guhesha imigisha no kunezeza abantu igihe bakiri ku isi. Amarimbi yuzuragamo miliyoni nyinshi z’abazize kumara igihe cyabo ku isi bibabaza ngo bikuremo ibyo kamere irarikira no kubicubya, nk’aho ibyo bibatera gucumura ku Mana, no kwikuramo intekerezo n’amarangamutima ayo ariyo yose atuma batekereza bagenzi babo.II 556.1

    Niba twifuza gusobanukirwa neza ubugome bwa Satani bwakozwe mu gihe cy’imyaka amagana menshi, budakozwe n’abatarigeze kumenya Imana, ahubwo bukaba bwarakozwe n’abakristo bakoreshejwe n’abakristo, dukwiriye gusa kureba amateka y’itorero rya Roma. Muri ubwo buhendanyi bukomeye kandi bunyuranye nimwo umutware w’ibibi byose asohoreza umugambi we wo gusebya Imana no guheza umuntu mu butindi. Kandi nk’uko tubona uko Satani ashobora kwiyoberanya, agasohoza umugambi we yifashishije abayobozi b’itorero, dushobora gusobanukirwa neza impamvu arwanya Bibiliya cyane. Iki Gitabo nikiramuka gisomwe, imbabazi n’ urukundo by’Imana bizahishurwa; bizagaragara ko Imana itagira n’umwe yikoreza umutwaro uremereye. Nta kindi idusaba uretse umutima umenetse, ushenjaguwe, wicisha bugufi, n’umwuka wo kumvira.II 556.2

    Nta cyitegererezo Yesu yadusigiye mu mibereho ye cy’uko abagabo n’abagore bakwiriye kwifungiranira mu mazu y’abihaye Imana, ngo babone kuba babonereye kujya mu ijuru. Ntaho yigeze yigisha ko urukundo n’imbabazi bikwiriye kugira ikindi kintu kibisimbura. Umutima w’Umukiza wahoraga usabwe n’urukundo. Uko umuntu arushaho kwegera ubutungane mu bya mwuka, ni ko intekerezo ze zihumuka, uko arushaho gusobanukirwa icyaha ni nako yimbika mu kugirira impuhwe ubabaye. Papa yiyise uhagarariye Kristo ku isi; ariko se ni buryo ki imico ye igereranywa n’iy’Umukiza wacu? Mbese hari abo Yesu yigeze ashyira mu nzu y’imbohe cyangwa ngo bababazwe kubera ko batamuhaye icyubahiro nk’Umwami w’ijuru ? Mbese hari uwigeze kumva ijwi rye acira abantu urubanza rwo gupfa kubera ko batamwemeye ? Igihe abaturage bo mu mudugudu wa Samariya bamwirukanaga bakanga kumucumbikira, intumwa Yohana yararakaye, iramubaza ati, “Nyagasani urashaka ko dutegeka umuriro ngo uve mu ijuru ubatsembe bose bashireho nk’uko Eliya yabigenje? Yesu yarebye abigishwa be yumva abababariye, maze acyaha uwo mwuka mubi wari ubarimo ati “Umwana w’umuntu ntiyaje kurimbura abantu, ahubwo yazanywe no kubaha ubugingo.’‘ 5Luka 9:54,56 Mbega ukuntu umutima wa Kristo utandukanye cyane n’uwo uwiyitaga ko amuhagarariye ku isi!II 556.3

    Muri iki gihe itorero ry’i Roma ryerekana uruhande rwiza imbere y’amahanga, ariko rikikingiriza gusaba imbabazi kubwo ubugome buteye ubwoba rizwiho. Ryiyambika imyambaro ya gikristo; nyamara ntiryahindutse. Amahame yose ubupapa bwagenderagaho mu bihe byashize buracyayakurikiza na bugingo n’ubu. Nan’ubu riracyagendera ku nyigisho ryihimbiye mu gihe cy’umwijima. Ntihakagire umuntu wishuka. Ubwo bupapa, ubu Abaporotesitanti biteguye gupfukamira ni bumwe na bwa bundi bwategekaga isi mu gihe cy’Ubugorozi, igihe abantu b’Imana bahagurukiraga icyarimwe, bigatuma bahara amagara yabo, bagashyira ahagaragara ubugome bwaryo. Ubupapa buracyafite ubwibone no kwishyira hejuru bwategekeshaga abami n’ibikomangoma buvuga ko buhwanye n’Imana. Itorero ntiryagabanyije ubugome bwaryo cyangwa gutegekesha igitugu kuruta mu gihe bwasiribangaga ubudendezo w’ikiremwa muntu, bukamarira ku icumu abera b’Isumbabyose.II 557.1

    Ubupapa buhwanye rwose n’uko ubuhanuzi bubuvuga ko ari bwo buzaba ubuhakanyi bukomeye bwo mu bihe biheruka. Kwerekana imico yatuma bugera ku mugambi wabwo neza; ni rimwe mu mategeko abugenga; ariko muri uko kwihinduranya nk’uruvu, buhisha ubumara budahinduka nk’ubwo inzoka. Baravuga bati “Kwizera ntikugomba kugirwa n’abahakanyi, haba n’abakekwaho kugira ubuhakanyi.’‘ 6Lenfant, volume I, page 516Mbese ubwo bubasha bumaze imyaka ibihumbi bwanditswe ho amaraso y’abera, bwakwemerwa bute muri iki gihe kuba mu bagize itorero rya Kristo ?II 557.2

    Hari impamvu ituma ibihugu by’Abaporotesitanti bivuga ko Ubugatolika butagitandukanye cyane n’Ubuporotesitanti muri iki gihe nko mu bihe bya kera. Hari icyahindutse, nyamara ntacyo ubupapa bwahindutseho. Ubugatolika busa cyane n’Ubuporotesitanti bwo muri iyi minsi, kuko Ubuporotesitanti bwaretse umurongo bwatangiranye mu bihe by’Abagorozi.II 557.3

    Nk’uko amatorero ya Giporotesitanti yakomeje gushaka icyubahiro mu isi, urukundo rw’urumamo rwabahumye amaso. Bizeye ko hari icyiza gishobora guturuka mu kibi, maze ku iherezo ingaruka zabaye kubona ikibi kiganje icyiza. Aho guhaguruka ngo baharanire ukwizera kwahawe abakiranutsi, ubu bameze nk’uko bahoze, basaba Roma imbabazi kubera kutifatanya na yo, bakagira uburyarya.II 558.1

    Umubare munini w’abatemera Roma, ntubona ububi bw’ububasha bwayo n’ingaruka z’inyigisho zayo. Benshi bahamya ko umwijima w’iby’umwuka n’uw’iby’ubwenge waranze amateka y’Uburayi hagati y’ikinyejana cya gatandatu n’icya cumi na gatandatu wagize uruhare mu gukwiza amahame yabo, imigenzo yabo, n’agahato kabo, kandi ubuhanga buhanitse bwo mu gihe cyakurikiyeho, gusakara k’ubwenge no kwamamara k’ukwishyira ukizana mu bijyanye n’idini, byahaye urwaho izo nyigisho n’ikandamiza. Mu by’ukuri, kwibwira ko ibyabayeho icyo gihe byakongera kubaho no mu gihe cyacu, ni urukozasoni. Ni iby’ukuri koko k’umucyo mwinshi, wo kujijuka mu by’ubwenge, mu by’ubuhanga, no mu by’umwuka, wamurikiye ab’iki gihe. Mu mpapuro z’Igitabo Cyera cy’Imana gihora kibumbuye, umucyo uvuye mu ijuru warasiye isi yacu. Nyamara dukwiriye kwibuka ko, uko umucyo urushaho gukwira, ni nako umwijima ukomeye w’abashaka kuwuzimya no kuwuhakana urushaho kwiyongera.II 558.2

    Kwiga Bibiliya usenga, nibyo byakwereka Abaporotesitanti imico nyakuri y’Ubupapa maze bikabatera kubugirira amakenga no kubuzibukira; ariko benshi biringiye ubwenge bwabo kuburyo bumva badakeneye kwicisha bugufi ngo bashake Imana, kugira ngo bashobore kugendera mu kuri. Nubwo bafite ubwibone bw’umucyo wabarasiye, ni injiji haba mu Byanditswe Byera haba no kubyerekeye ubushobozi bw’Imana. Kubwo gushaka bimwe mu buryo bwo kwirema agatima, bishakira ibintu byoroheje mu bya mwuka kandi bitabatesheje agaciro. Icyo bifuza ni uburyo bwatuma bibagirwa Imana ariko bakagaragara nk’abatarayiretse. Ubupapa bwakoze ibishoboka ngo bugere kuri ibyo byose. Mu myigishirize yabo, biteganyijwe ko hafi y’abatuye isi, hari amatsinda abiri y’abantu: abashaka gukizwa kubera ubutungane bwabo; n’abandi bashaka gukirizwa mu byaha byabo. Ngaha rero ahari ibanga ry’ububasha bw’ubupapa.II 558.3

    Amateka yerekana ko ibihe by’umwijima ukomeye mu by’ubwenge byafashije ubupapa kugera ku ntego yabwo. Bigaragara na none ko mu bihe bizaza, umucyo ukomeye mu by’ubumenyi nawo uzabufasha kugera ku cyo bwifuje. Mu myaka yashize, ubwo abantu bari babayeho batagira Ijambo ry’Imana kandi bataramenya ukuri, amaso yabo yari ahumye, ibihumbi byinshi by’abantu bafatiwe mu mitego ya Roma, batabona ikigoyi batezwe mu nzira banyuramo. Muri ibi bihe, amaso ya benshi arimo ibikezikezi bitewe n’intekerezo z’abantu zinyuranye ari byo “bumenyi bw’ibinyoma,“ntibabasha kugenzura imitego, maze bakayigenderamo nk’aho bamaze guhinduka impumyi. Imana yagenwe ko ubwenge bw’umuntu bufatwa nk’impano yahawe n’Umuremyi we, kandi bugakoreshwa mu guharanira ukuri no gukiranuka; ariko igihe ubwibone no kwikuza bishyizwe imbere, maze abantu bakarata inyigisho zabo kuzirutisha Ijambo ry’Imana, ubwenge bwabo buzangiza ibintu byinshi kurusha ubujiji bwabo. Uko niko ingirwabwenge bwo muri iyi minsi butesha agaciro ukwizera kwa Bibiliya, buhinduka igihamya gitegura inzira zo kwemera ubupapa n’imigenzereze yabwo yose, nk’uko ubujiji bwo mu gihe cy’umwijima bwugururiye amarembo kwikuza kwa Roma.II 559.1

    Mu bikomeje gukorwa mu ikangura ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ibigo n’ibindi bikorwa by’itorero byitabaza inkunga ya Leta, kandi Abaporotesitanti bakomeje kugera ikirenge mu cy’ubupapa. Ibirenze ibyo, bugururira amarembo ubupapa kugira ngo bugire ikuzo muri Amerika y’Abaporotestanti, iryo bwari bwaraburiye mu Burayi. Ikindi cyahaye ingufu zikomeye iryo kangura, ni umugambi w’ibanze wo gushyiraho itegeko ryo kuruhuka ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru — ukaba ari umugenzo ukomoka i Roma, kandi wemerwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubutegetsi bwa Roma. Ni umwuka w’ubupapa, ukomoka mu migenzo y’abapagani, wo gukomeza imigenzo y’abantu aho gukomeza amategeko y’Imana - winjijwe mu matorero y’Abaporotesitanti, maze ukayatera gukora umurimo umwe n’uwo abaramya ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru , aribyo ubupapa bwakoze mbere yabo.II 559.2

    Niba umusomyi yifuza gusobanukirwa n’uburyo buzakoreshwa mu minsi ya vuba, akwiriye gusoma amateka y’ibyakozwe na Roma mu binyejana byashize. Niba ashaka kumenya uko ubupapa n’ubuporotesitanti bifatanyije bizagenza abanga gukurikiza inyigisho zabo, narebe umwuka Roma yakoresheje yanga Isabato n’abayikomeza.II 559.3

    Amateka yaciwe n’abami, imyanzuro y’inama z’abayobozi bakuru b’itorero, n’amabwiriza yatanzwe n’itorero bishyigikiwe n’ubutegetsi bw’isi, nibwo bwari uburyo umunsi w’ibirori by’abapagani wahabwagamo umwanya w’icyubahiro mu itorero rya Gikristo. Itegeko ryo guhatira abantu kuruhuka ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru (Dimanche) ryashyizweho bwa mbere n’Umwami Konsitantine mu mwaka wa 321 nyuma ya Kristo. Iryo teka ryasabaga ko abatuye mu mudugudu bose baruhuka ku ‘’munsi wahariwe gusenga izuba’, ariko rikemerera abaturage bo mu byaro gukomeza imirimo yabo y’ubuhinzi. N’ubwo ryari itegeko rya gipagani, ryashyizweho umukono kandi ritangazwa n’Umwami w’abami Konstantine, amaze kwitirirwa ubukristo.II 560.1

    Amaze kubona ko itegeko ry’Umwami ridahagije kuba ryasimbura ububasha bw’Imana, Ewusebiyusi(Eusebius), umwepisikopi mukuru w’i Kayisariya, washakaga kwemerwa n’ibikomangoma, kandi akaba inshuti idasanzwe n’umujyanama wa Konsitantine, yatanze igitekerezo cy’uko Isabato, ariwo munsi wa karindwi, Kristo yayihinduyemo Icyumweru (umunsi wa mbere w’icyumweru). Nyamara ariko, nta buhamya na bumwe yashoboye kubona mu Byanditswe Byera bwemeza izo nyigisho nshya. Eusebius ubwe, n’ubwo atabishakaga, yemeye ko atari ukuri kandi yerekana ba nyiri iyo mpinduka. Aravuga ati, “Ibintu byose byagombaga gukorwa ku munsi w’Isabato, “twabyimuriye ku munsi w’Umwami”. 7Robert Cox, Sabbath Laws and Sabbath Duties, page 538 N’ubwo igitekerezo cy’umunsi wa mbere w’icyumweru nta shingiro cyari gifite, cyakoreshejwe mu gutinyura abantu kuribata Isabato y’Uwiteka Nyiringabo. Abifuje bose icyubahiro cyo mu isi, bahisemo iminsi mikuru ya gipagani.II 560.2

    Uko ubupapa bwakomeje gushinga imizi, niko n’umunsi w’Icyumweru wakomeje guhabwa ikuzo. Nyuma y’igihe gito, abaturage bakomeje imirimo yabo y’ubuhinzi, igihe babaga batagiye mu rusengero, maze umunsi wa karindwi ukomeza gufatwa nk’Isabato. Ariko ihinduka rigakorwa buhoro buhoro. Abakozi bo mu nkiko babujijwe guca imanza z’abaturage ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru. Nyuma ho gato, abantu bose, mu nzego izo arizo zose, bategekwa kureka imirimo yose, maze abakoze ku cyumweru, abatari inkoreragahato bagacibwa ibihano naho abagaragu bagahanishwa gukubitwa ibiboko. Nyuma y’aho, haje gutangwa itegeko ko abakire bazagira umurimo wose bakora ku cyumweru bazahanishwa igihano cyo kunyagwa kimwe cya kabiri cy’umugabane w’ubutunzi bwabo; maze batava ku izima, bakazahindurwa inkoreragahato. Abakene bo hasi bagombaga gucibwa mu gihugu buheriheri.II 560.3

    Hakurikiyeho kwitabaza ibitangaza by’ibihimbano. Muri ibyo bitangaza havuzwemo icy’umugabo umwe ngo wagiye mu murima guhinga ku cyumweru afata icyuma cyo guhanagura igitaka ku isuka ye, cya cyuma ngo kimushinga mu kiganza, akimarana imyaka ibiri akigendana ‘’aribwa cyane kandi afite isoni nyinshi” 8Francis West, Historical and Practical Discourse on the Lord’s Day, p.174.II 561.1

    Nyuma y’aho, Papa yategetse abapadiri bayobora paruwasi ko bagomba guhana bihanukiriye abazazirura Icyumweru, bakabatumira kujya kuvuga amasengesho muri Kiliziya kugira ngo batihamagarira imivumo ubwabo hamwe n’abaturanyi babo. Inama nkuru y’amatorero yashyigikiye icyo gitekerezo ivuga ko n’abaporotesitanti byababayeho kenshi, bitewe n’uko hari abantu bakoze ku cyumweru maze bakubitwa n’inkuba. Niyo mpamvu uwo munsi koko ugomba kuba uw’Isabato. Abayobozi b’amatorero baravuga bati, Ibyo bigaragaza “uburyo Imana yarakariye bikabije abantu bazirura uwo munsi.’‘ Abatambyi, abapasitoro, abami, ibikomangoma, n’abizera bose, bongeye kurarikirwa ‘’gukora uko bashoboye kose, kugira ngo uwo munsi uziririzwe nk’uko biwukwiriye, kandi nk’uko binakwiranye n’ubukristo, maze mu idini uwo munsi ukaziririzwa no mu bihe bizaza’‘. 8Thomas Morer, Discourse in Six Dialogue on the Name, Notion, and Observation of the Lord’s Day, page 271II 561.2

    Kuko amategeko-teka y’inama nkuru z’idini atari ahagije, ubutegetsi bwa Leta bwasabwe gushyiraho itegeko-teka ry’iterabwoba rizakura abantu imitima, rikabahatira guhagarika imirimo ku Cyumweru. Mu nama nkuru yabereye i Roma, imyanzuro yose yari yarashyizweho mbere yongeye kwemezwa, kandi barushaho kuyashyiramo umurego. Maze iyo myanzuro bayongera mu mubare w’amategeko y’idini n’aya Leta asanzwe mu bihugu byose bya Gikristo. II 561.3

    Kugeza na n’ubu kubura kw’ibihamya byo mu Byanditswe Byera bishyigikira umunsi w’icyumweru bikomeje gutera ingorane zikomeye. Abantu bakomeje kwibaza aho abigisha babo bakuye ububasha bwo gukuraho itegeko nyakuri rya Yehova wavuze ati “Umunsi wa karindwi niwo Sabato y’Uwiteka Imana yawe, ” kugira ngo baziririze umunsi w’izuba. Mu rwego rwo gusimbuza ubuhamya bwo mu Byanditswe Byera badashobora kubona, byabaye ngombwa kwiyambaza amagambo y’abantu. Nko mu iherezo ry’ikinyejana cya XII, Umuvugizi w’umunyamwete w’ibyo kuruhuka ku cyumweru yasuye amatorero yo mu Bwongereza, ahurirayo n’abahamya b’ukuri bahangana nawe; maze umuhati we umubera impfabusa ava muri icyo gihugu asubira iwabo yirukananywe inyigisho ze. Ubwo yagarukagayo, yaje afite ibyo yishingikirizaho, maze nyuma y’umurimo we, abona umusaruro wamushimishije. Yari agarukanye umuzingo w’igitabo avuga ko wamanutse mu ijuru ku Mana ubwayo, cyari cyanditswemo amabwiriza yo kuruhuka ku munsi wo ku Cyumweru, kandi atera ubwoba abatemeraga kuryubahiriza. Icyo gitabo cy’agaciro - cy’ishingiro ry’ibinyoma gusa nk’ uko itorero gishyigikiwe riri - bakwije inkuru ko cyamanutse mu ijuru kikagwa mu Rusengero rw’i Yerusalemu, ku ruhimbi rwa Mutagatifu Simiyoni i Gologota. Ariko mu by’ukuri, inkomoko yacyo ni i Roma kwa Papa, aho ibinyoma n’ibihimbano byose bigamije gukuza no gukungahaza itorero, byakomeje guhabwa agaciro n’ubuyobozi bw’ubupapa uko bwagiye busimburana. II 562.1

    Uwo muzingo wari wanditswemo itegeko ribuzanya gukora imirimo guhera ku isaha ya cyenda y’umugoroba ku Isabato, kugeza ku wa kabiri w’icyumeru (Monday) izuba rirashe; kandi ububasha bwawo bwahamijwe n’ibitangaza byinshi. Bavugaga ko abantu bagiraga imirimo bakora muri ayo masaha yabuzanyijwe, bararemaraga. Umugabo wagerageje gusya ingano, mu cyimbo cyo kubona ifu, yabonye mu mashini ye hasohokamo umuvu w’amaraso, maze uruziga rw’imashini rurahagarara n’ubwo hari harimo amazi menshi yayikoreshaga. Umugore yatetse umugati, agiye kuwarura asanga utahiye kandi iziko rishyushye cyane. Undi wari wateguye guteka umugati ku isaha ya cyenda, ariko hanyuma yiyemeza kuzawuteka ku wa kabiri w’Isabato, ku munsi wakurikiyeho yasanze umugati uhiye wahishijwe n’imbaraga yo mu ijuru. Umuntu watetse umugati nyuma y’isaha ya cyanda ku munsi w’Isabato, bukeye mu gitondo agiye kuwumanyagura, asanga uratembamo amaraso. Kubera ibyo bihimbano n’imyizerere ishingiye ku bupfumu, abavugizi b’icyumweru (Dimanche) bahirimbanira kukigira umunsi Muziranenge . 9Roger de Hoveden, Annals, vol.2, pp 528-530II 562.2

    Muri Ekose, kimwe no mu Bwongereza, bishimiye icyumweru kuko bafashe umugabane wacyo bakawunga ku mugabane ubanza w’i Sabato ya kera. Ariko igihe cyagombaga kwezwa nicyo cyahindutse. Iteka ryaciwe n’Umwami wa Ekose ryavugaga ko ‘’Ku Isabato guhera ku isaha ya cumi n’ebyiri z’amanywa, agomba gufatwa nk’amasaha yera’‘, ko nta muntu n’umwe, guhera kuri iyo saha kugeza ku wa kabiri w’Isabato mu gitondo, ukwiriye kugira umurimo w’isi akora. 10More, pages 290, 291II 562.3

    Nyamara n’ubwo bakoresheje imbaraga kugira ngo icyumweru kibe umunsi muziranenge, abapapa ubwabo bemeraga ku mugaragaro ko Isabato yashyizweho n’Imana, kandi bakemera ko yakuweho n’umuntu. Mu kinyejana cya cumi na bitandatu, inama nkuru y’ubupapa yashyize ku mugaragaro itegeko rivuga ngo, “Abakristo bose bibuke ko umunsi wa karindwi wejejwe n’Imana, kandi warakiriwe uranakomezwa, bitari ku Bayuda gusa, ahubwo wanakomejwe n’abantu bose baramya Imana; n’ubwo twebwe abakristo, twahinduye Isabato yabo tukayishyira ku munsi w’Umwami wacu.’‘ Abakinisha kugomera itegeko ry’Imana, ntabwo bari bayobewe icyo bakora icyo ari cyo. Ubwabo bishyize hejuru y’Imana ku bushake.II 563.1

    Amategeko ya Roma ajyanye n’uko bagenzaga abo batavugaga rumwe, yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu cyitegererezo gikomeye batanze cyo gukomeza kuvusha amaraso bamwe mu Abawalidensi bakomezaga Isabato, barenganywa mu buryo buteye ubwoba. Abandi nabo bababajwe mu buryo nk’ubwo bazira kuba indahemuka ku itegeko rya kane. Amateka y’itorero mu gihugu cya Etiyopiya na Abisiniya abisobanura neza. Hagati mu myaka y’umwijima, Abakristo bo muri Afrika yo hagati babaye nk’abibagiranye ku isi, maze hashira ibinyejana byinshi banejejwe n’umudendezo bafite wo guhamya kwizera kwabo. Ariko ku iherezo, Roma yaje kwibuka ko nabo babaho, kandi Umwami w’abami w’Abisiniya aherako yemera ububasha bwa Papa ko ari umusimbura wa Kristo ku isi. Nuko amatorero akurikiraho. Hashyizweho itegeko ribuzanya kuruhuka Isabato kandi riteganya ibihano bikomeye ku batazarikurikiza. 11Michael Geddes, Church History of Ethiopia, pages 311, 312 Ariko bidatinze, uburetwa bw’ubupapa buhindukira Abanyabisiniya ingoyi ikomeye kugeza ubwo bafata icyemezo cyo kuyigobotora. Nyuma y’intambara itoroshye, Itorero rya Roma riratsindwa rivanwa ku butegetsi, maze imyizerere yariho mbere igarurwa mu mwanya wazo. Amatorero yanejejwe n’uwo mudendezo, kandi ntibigeze bagirwa isomo bakuye mu bushukanyi, ubwaka, no gukabya bya Roma. Muri uko kubaho ukwabo, banyuzwe no gusigara ari intamenyekana mu bindi bihugu bya Gikristo.II 563.2

    Amatorero yo muri Afurika yakomezaga Isabato nk’uko itorero Gatolika ryayikomezaga mbere yuko ryinjira mu buhakanyi nyakuri. Igihe bakomezaga umunsi wa karindwi bumvira itegeko ry’Imana, barekaga no kugira imirimo bakora ku wa mbere w’iminsi irindwi (Dimanche) nk’uko byari umuco w’itorero. Bamaze kumva bafite ububasha bukomeye, Roma yasiribanze Isabato y’Imana igamije kwikuza; ariko amatorero yo muri Afurika akomeza kubyikinga hashira imyaka hafi igihumbi atarafatanya na Roma muri ubwo buhakanyi. Ubwo bari munsi y’ubutegetsi bw’i Roma, bahatiwe kureka Isabato y’ukuri bakomeza iy’ibinyoma; ariko bitinze babonye ubwigenge maze bagaruka ku kumvira itegeko rya kane.II 563.3

    Ibyabaye mu gihe cyahise byerekana neza urwango Roma ifitiye Isabato y’ukuri n’abayikomeza n’uburyo ikoresha kugira ngo iheshe ikuzo umuhango yishyiriyeho. Ijambo ry’Imana ryigisha ko ibyo bizongera kubaho, ubwo ubupapa n’ubuporotesitanti bizihuza kugira ngo bahatire abantu kuruhuka ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru (dimanche).II 564.1

    Ubuhanuzi bwo mu Byahishuwe 13 bwerekana ko ububasha bugaragazwa n’inyamaswa y’amahembe nk’ay’umwana w’intama buzahatira ‘’isi n’abayituye bose,’‘ kuramya ubupapa bushushanywa n’inyamaswa isa n’ingwe.” Nuko inyamaswa y’amahembe abiri itegeka abatuye ku isi kurema igishushanyo cy’inyamaswa, maze itera bose aboroheje n’abakomeye, abatunzi n’abakene, n’ab’umudendezo n’ab’imbata, gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cy’inyamaswa.” 12Ibyahishuwe 13:11-16 Byagaragaye neza ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ari ububasha bushushanywa n’inyamaswa ifite amahembe abiri nk’ay’umwana w’intama, kandi ko ubu buhanuzi buzasohozwa igihe Leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika zizahatira abantu kuruhuka ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru (Sunday), nk’ikimenyetso kidasanzwe kiranga gukomera kwa Roma. Ariko muri uko kuramya ubupapa, Leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika ntizaba iri yonyine. Ibyo Roma yakoresheje mu bihugu yari yarigaruriye bizaba bitarashiraho burundu. Na none ubuhanuzi bwavuga ko Roma izongera kugarurirwa ububasha bwayo. ” Nuko mbona umwe mu mitwe yayo usa n’ukomeretse uruguma rwica; ariko urwo ruguma rwayishe rurakira. Abari mu isi bose bakurikira iyo nyamaswa bayitangarira”. 13Ibyahishuwe 13:3 Gukomereka uruguma rwica, bisobanura gutsindwa k’ubupapa mu mwaka wa 1798. Umuhanuzi aravuga ati “hanyuma y’ibyo, rwa ruguma rwica rwarakize, maze abantu bose bo ku isi bakurikira iyo nyamaswa bayitangarira.’‘ Pawulo yerekana yeruye ko ‘uwo mwana wo kurimbuka azakomeza kubaho kugeza Yesu agarutse. Hafi y’iherezo ry’ibihe, azashyira ahagaragara imirimo ye y’ubushukanyi. Kandi Umuhishuzi yerekana ubupapa aravuga ati “Abari mu isi bose bazayiramya, umuntu wese izina rye ritanditswe mu gitabo cy’ubugingo”. Ari mu isi ya kera no mu ya none, ubupapa buzahabwa ikuzo binyuze mu kuruhuka ku Cyumweru byerekana nta gushidikanya ububasha bw’itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma.II 564.2

    Guhera hagati y’ikinyejana cya cumi n’icyenda, abigaga iby’ubuhanuzi muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, batanze ubu buhamya ku isi yose. Ibyo tubona byaduka mu isi muri iki gihe, byerekana ko ibyahanuwe biri bugufi gusohora. Abigisha b’Abaporotesitanti, bahamya ko kuruhuka ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru (Sunday) byategetswe n’Imana, nyamara bakabura ibihamya mu Byanditswe Byera, nk’abayobozi b’ubupapa, bahimbye ibitangaza kugira ngo bimure itegeko ry’Imana. Amagambo akomeje kwemeza ko iteka ry’Imana riri ku bantu bagomera itegeko ryo kuruhuka Isabato-Cyumweru (Icyumweru sabato), yatangiye gukurikizwa. Kandi imyigishirize ihatira abantu kuruhuka ku Cyumweru ubu iramenyerezwa kandi yahawe intebe.II 564.3

    Ubugizi bwa nabi n’ubucakura bw’Itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma buratangaje. Rishobora kugenzura ibizaba. Rikoresha igihe cyaryo neza, rireba uko amatorero y’Abaporotesitanti aryunamira igihe yemera Isabato y’ibinyoma, kandi rikaba ryitegura kuzayihatira umuntu wese nk’uko ryakoze mu myaka ya kera. Abirengagiza umucyo w’ukuri, bazitabaza abo biyita ko bafite ubushobozi bwo kuba batagikora icyaha, bagamije gushyira hejuru ibyo bihimbiye ubwabo. Uburyo biteguye kwifashisha itorero ry’Abaporotesitanti muri uwo murimo ni ibintu bitabagoye. Ninde usobanukiwe cyane n’uko bagenza abanze kumvira itorero kuruta abayobozi b’ubupapa ?II 565.1

    Itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma hamwe n’amashami yaryo yose ku isi, bakoze gahunda imwe ikomeye, bagamije guharanira inyungu z’ubupapa. Milioni nyinshi z’abizera bo mu bihugu byose byo ku isi, bigishijwe gufatanyiriza hamwe, maze bakayoboka ubutegetsi bwa Papa. Aho baba bakomoka hose, uko ubutegetsi bwabo bwaba bukomeye kose, bakwiriye kumenya ko ububasha bw’itorero buri hejuru y’ibyo byose. N’ubwo barahira basezerana ko bazubaha Leta y’iwabo, ariko inyuma y’iyo ndahiro haba hari umuhigo bahize wo kumvira Papa, ubakuriraho ibihano by’izindi ndahiro baba bararahiye. 14Jojn Dowling, The History of Romanism, b.5, ch6, sec .55II 565.2

    Amateka ahamya neza ko ubupapa butahwemye gukoresha ubucakura n’umwete mwinshi mu kwivanga muri gahunda za Leta z’ibihugu; maze bwamara kuhashinga ikirenge, bugasohoza imigambi yabwo, ndetse bukarimbura ibikomangoma n’abaturage. Mu mwaka wa1204, Papa Inosenti wa III yifashishije indahiro y’akataraboneka ya Petero wa II, Umwami w’Aragon, iyo ndahiro ikaba iteye itya:” Jyewe Petero, Umwami w’Abanyaragon, mpamije kandi nsezeranye kuzahora ndi indahemuka kandi numvira databuja Papa Inosenti n’abandi bapapa bazamusimbura, n’itorero rya Roma, kandi ubwami bwanjye bugakomeza kumwumvira, nzaharanira ukwizera Gatolika, kandi abazaguhakana nzabamarira ku icumu. ‘’Iyo ndahiro yari ihuje n’ibyo ububasha bwa Papa butegeka,” bigaragaza ko ‘’yari afite ububasha bwo gushyiraho abami’‘ kandi agashobora gukuraho bamwe batashoboye gukomeza indahiro barahiye.” 14Jojn Dowling, The History of Romanism, b.5, ch6, secII 565.3

    Nuko rero duhore twibuka ko Roma yirata ko itazigera ihinduka. Amahame ya Gregoire wa VII na Inosenti wa III aracyari amahame y’ itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma. Kandi iyo riza kugira imbaraga, ryajyaga gushyira ayo mahame mu bikorwa ntakuzuyaza rikoresheje imbaraga nko mu binyejana byashize. Abaporotesitanti ntibasobanukiwe bihagije icyatumye bemera gufatanya na Roma igikorwa cyo kuramya ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru. Naho Abagatolika bo, mu gushishikarira gusohoza umugambi wabo, itorero ry’i Roma rigambiriye kugarura ikuzo ryaryo ryari ryarabuze. Mureke ayo mabwiriza atangizwe muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, maze ubutegetsi bwa Leta buhatire abantu ibyo itorero; muri make, ububasha bw’itorero na Leta nibyo bizajya bigenga umutimanama w’abantu, ubwo nibwo insinzi y’itorero ry’i Roma muri icyo gihugu izaba igezweho.II 566.1

    Ijambo ry’Imana ryatanze imiburo ku kaga kagiye gutera; mureke ibyo byirengagizwe, maze abaporotesitanti bagere aho bamenye neza imigambi nyakuri ya Roma, uretse ko bazabyibuka barakererewe batagifite uburyo bigobotora muri uwo mutego baguyemo. Itorero Gatolika ry’i Roma riragenda risatira ububasha bwaryo ryahoranye bucece. Inyigisho zaryo mu biterane, muri za kiliziya, zirategura inzira mu mitima y’abantu. Riregura rwihishwa inyubako yaryo yaguye kugira ngo rigarure akarengane ku bataryemera. Rirahuriza hamwe imbaraga zaryo, ritegura intwaro bucece kandi ntacyo ryikanga kugira ngo igihe nikigera rishoze intambara. Ritegereje gusa ko igihe kigera kandi icyo gihe ryamaze kugihabwa. Bidatinze, tugiye kureba kandi twumve, nibwo tuzamenya itorero ry’i Roma icyo ari cyo. Umuntu wese uzizera kandi akumvira Ijambo ry’Imana, azahasakiranira n’ibigeragezo n’akarengane.II 566.2

    Larger font
    Smaller font
    Copy
    Print
    Contents