Picture: Andrews, J. N. (1829-1883). In 1874 he was sent as the first Seventh-day Adventist missionary to countries outside of North America. A capable theologian, he made significant contributions to the development of various doctrines of the church, including the time to begin and end the Sabbath. He was the third president of the General Conference (1867-1869). Picture: Avondale College campus, near Cooranbong, Australia. Covering 1,450 acres (585 hectares), the college was founded in 1897 as a result of Ellen White’s insistence that Australia have an educational institution patterned according to the light given her in vision. This 1997 picture shows the Sanitarium Health Food Company next to Dora Creek, on the left. The College Church is to the right of the Ellen G. White Administration Building, near the center of the picture.

Picture: Bates, Joseph (1792-1872). Mariner, reformer, Advent preacher, he was one of the founders of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. As captain of a ship, he forbade the use of intoxicants and profanity. In 1839 he accepted William Miller’s views on the Second Advent and became active in preaching. One of the first to accept the Sabbath truth, he wrote and circulated a pamphlet on the subject. He also was an early advocate of health reform, discontinuing the use of flesh foods, tea, and coffee. Picture: Battle Creek Sanitarium. 1866-1993. Young Dr. J. H. Kellogg renamed the Health Reform Institute after becoming its superintendent in 1876. Under his dynamic leadership the Battle Creek Sanitarium became world famous. When the Adventist Church and Dr. Kellogg parted company in 1907, the sanitarium was lost to the denomination. Dr. Kellogg remained its medical director until his death in 1943.

Picture: Bell, G. H. (1832-1899). An educator and author, he taught at Battle Creek College, and later became principal of South Lancaster Academy. When the General Conference Sabbath School Association was formed in 1878, he was made the first recording secretary, and later the president. Picture: Bolton, Frances (Fannie) E. Bolton (1859-1926). Baptized when she was 28, she joined the staff of Ellen White in 1889. Though talented, she had an exaggerated view of her abilities. Emotionally unstable, she even claimed to have authored Steps to Christ. In 1901 she wrote to “Brethren in the truth,” acknowledging that she misunderstood Mrs. White’s prophetic ministry and regretted the results of her criticisms. Picture: Bourdeau, D. T. (1835-1905). Ordained to the Adventist ministry in 1858, he, with his brother, A. C. Bourdeau, spent many years in evangelism in New England and Canada. He opened work in California, and organized French-speaking churches in Wisconsin and Illinois. Later he engaged in evangelism in Europe, and for a short time was associated with J. N. Andrews in editorial work. Picture: Burden, John (1862-1942). Administrator who was closely associated with Ellen G. White in the development of sanitariums. He became manager of the St. Helena Sanitarium in 1891, then engaged in sanitarium work in Australia for three years. Back in the United States, he helped purchase the Glendale Sanitarium and played an important part in obtaining the Loma Linda property. He began the medical missionary school that is now the Loma Linda University School of Medicine.

Picture: Butler, George I. (1834-1918). Minister and administrator, he was a two-term president of the General Conference. During his first term (1871-1874) he was active in raising funds to establish Battle Creek College and the Pacific Press Publishing Company. On a visit to Europe in 1884 he laid the groundwork for publishing houses in Norway and England. Later he served as president of the Florida Conference, the Southern Union Conference, and the Southern Publishing Association. Picture: Byington, John (1798-1887). First president of the General Conference, elected in 1863, and served for two one-year terms. Before becoming a Seventh-day Adventist he had been active in other denominations. He is said to have maintained a station of the Underground Railroad at Buck’s Bridge, New York, where he lived on a farm. In 1852, after reading a copy of the Review and Herald, he began to keep the Sabbath. At the request of James White in 1858, he moved to Michigan, and for 15 years traveled throughout the State aggressively planning for the growing church. Picture: Canright, D. M. (1840-1919). A onetime Seventh-day Adventist minister and writer who renounced his church affiliation, wrote extensively against the ministry of Ellen G. White, and became a champion of those who opposed Seventh-day Adventist beliefs. He predicted that the Adventist Church would soon disappear. Picture: Daniells, A. G. (1858-1935). Minister, administrator, and author, he attended Battle Creek College for one year, entered the ministry in 1878, and was secretary to James and Ellen White for one year. In 1886 he was called to do pioneer missionary work in New Zealand, and later became president of the New Zealand Conference, the Australian Conference, and the Australasian Union Conference. He was closely associated with Ellen White during her ten years “down under.” In 1901 he became president of the General Conference, served until 1922, then led in the formation of the Ministerial Association.

Picture: Davis, Marian (1847-1904). A valued literary assistant to Ellen White, accompanying her on her travels throughout the United States, Europe, and Australia. Before joining Mrs. White’s staff she taught a country school for a short time and worked as a proofreader in the Review and Herald printing office for several years. Picture: Elmshaven. Ellen White’s home near St. Helena, California, early in 1915. Mrs. White is in a wheelchair on the porch, attended by May Walling. W. C. White and Tessie Woodbury are on the steps below. Picture: Ellen White with her office and household staff at Elmshaven in 1913. Seated, left to right: Dores E. Robinson, Ralph W. Munson, Mrs. White, William C. White, Clarence C. Crisler; standing, Harold Bree, Maggie Hare-Bree, Mary Steward, Paul Mason, Arthur W. Spalding, Helen Graham, Tessie Woodbury, Alfred Carter, May Walling, Effie James.

Picture: Ellen G. White giving the dedicatory address at Loma Linda, April 15, 1906. Picture: Faulkhead, N. D. (1860-1923). Treasurer of the Echo Publishing House in Australia in the early 1890s. For a while after accepting the three angels’ messages, he continued as a leader in the Masonic Lodge, but separated from it after Mrs. White relayed to him a message given her in vision regarding his spiritual peril. Picture: Foss, Hazen (d. 1893). A young Millerite in Poland, Maine, to whom the Lord gave visions similar to those received later by Ellen Harmon. Foss was told to relate the visions, but when he refused to do so, the gift of prophecy was removed from him. He later lost interest in religious matters.

Picture: Handwritten Page of Ellen G. White Letter. Portion of an E. G. White letter written to her son Edson and his wife.

Picture: Haskell, S. N. (1833-1922). Evangelist and administrator. He organized the first Tract and Missionary Society, was simultaneously president of the California and Maine conferences, and helped open denominational work in Australia. His written works include The Cross and Its Shadow and The Story of Daniel the Prophet. Picture: Howell, W. E. (1869-1943). Seventh-day Adventist educator, editor, and missionary. At various times he was connected with Healdsburg College, Emmanuel Missionary College, and the College of Medical Evangelists. For twelve years he was secretary of the General Conference Department of Education. Picture: James and Ellen White with their two sons, “Willie” (left) and Edson, about 1865.

Picture: Jones, Alonzo T. (1850-1923). Minister, editor, and author, he and E. J. Waggoner stirred the 1888 General Conference session in Minneapolis with their messages on righteousness by faith. From 1897 to 1901 he was editor of the Review and Herald. Later, being disaffected by church administrative policies, he left denominational employ and eventually was disfellowshipped. Picture: Kellogg, John Harvey (1852-1943). Surgeon, inventor of surgical instruments, and pioneer in physiotherapy and nutrition. In 1873, encouraged by James and Ellen White, he enrolled at Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York. Soon after completing a two-year medical course he was appointed superintendent of the Health Reform Institute in Battle Creek, Michigan, which developed into the Battle Creek Sanitarium. He became world famous as a surgeon and inventor of vegetarian foods such as cornflakes and meat substitutes. In time he came into conflict with church leaders over administrative and theological issues, and was disfellowshipped in 1907. Picture: Kress, D. H. (1862-1956). A physician who specialized in health education and internal medicine. With his wife, Lauretta, who also was a physician, he served for a time at the Battle Creek Sanitarium. In 1898 they went to England to establish medical work there. From 1900 to 1907 they worked in Australia and New Zealand. Upon returning to the United States, he became the first medical superintendent of the newly established Washington (D.C.) Sanitarium and Hospital; she was staff physician. Picture: Lacey, H. C. (1871-1950). Educator. Born in England, he moved with his family to India and Tasmania where they became Seventh-day Adventists in 1887. After graduation from Healdsburg College and Battle Creek College, he joined the first faculty of the Avondale school in Australia. Later he taught in several colleges in the United States, including what is now Loma Linda University.

Picture: Lay, H. S. (1828-1900). Pioneer Seventh-day Adventist physician and editor of the Health Reformer. After graduating from medical school, he practiced in Allegan, Michigan, and joined the Adventist Church about 1856. For a time he served on the staff of Dr. J. C. Jackson’s “Home” in Dansville, New York, and in 1866 was called to head the Health Reform Institute in Battle Creek, Michigan. Picture: Lindsay, Harmon (1835-1919). He was treasurer of the General Conference from 1874 to 1875 and from 1888 to 1893, and helped establish and develop Battle Creek College and Oakwood College. He also served as treasurer of several other church institutions in the 1890s. Late in life he joined the Christian Scientists. Picture: Loma Linda University Today. In response to Ellen White’s urgent testimonies, Loma Linda Sanitarium was purchased and opened in southern California in 1905. Two years later a school of nursing was started, followed by a medical school in 1909. Today Loma Linda University continues to train Christian health professionals in a variety of specialities for service around the world.

Picture: Loughborough, J. N. (1832-1924). Pioneer evangelist and church administrator. In 1852 he accepted the Sabbath under the preaching of J. N. Andrews. For several years he conducted evangelistic meetings in Pennsylvania, New York, and the Midwest. In 1868 he pioneered work in California, and in 1878 went to England for five years. He was the first president of the California Conference, and published a number of books, including The Rise and Progress of Seventh-day Adventists. Picture: Magan, P. T. (1867-1947). Minister, physician, and administrator. He served as a licensed minister in Nebraska in 1887, and the next year enrolled in Battle Creek College. After graduating, he became secretary to S. N. Haskell, and, in succeeding years, associate secretary of the Foreign Mission Board, teacher at Battle Creek College, and dean of Emmanuel Missionary College. After taking the medical course at the University of Tennessee, he was elected dean of the College of Medical Evangelists, and later served as its president (1928-1942). Picture: Miller, William (1782-1849). American farmer and Baptist preacher from Low Hampton, New York, who, after studying the prophecies of Daniel, announced that Christ’s second advent would take place in 1843 or 1844. His preaching attracted a large following, including ministers of various Christian bodies. Though the Millerite movement disintegrated when Christ did not come on October 22, 1844, several denominations rose from the ashes, including the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Picture: Olsen, O. A. (1845-1915). Administrator, General Conference president. About 1870 he began work among the Scandinavians of Wisconsin, and in 1873 was ordained. From 1880 to 1885 he served as president, successively, of the Wisconsin, Dakota, Minnesota, and Iowa conferences. In 1886 the General Conference sent him to the Scandinavian countries of Europe to supervise the growing work there. He was elected president of the General Conference in 1888, and served in that post for nine years.

Picture: Prescott, W. W. (1855-1944). Educator and administrator. Became president of Battle Creek College in 1885, and for a time (1891-1892) was simultaneously president of two other colleges—Union and Walla Walla. He helped found what is today Avondale College in Australia. Later he served as editor of the Review and Herald. As a scholar and administrator he had a strong influence on the worldwide educational work of the denomination. Picture: Review and Herald Publishing House. This building was constructed in Battle Creek in 1861. Officially organized in 1860, and legally incorporated the following year, the Seventh-day Adventist Publishing Association was the denomination’s first institution. From our first Washington Hand Press purchased in 1852, to today’s high speed printing presses, the Review and Herald Publishing Association is the direct successor of this early publishing house. Picture: Robinson, A. T. (1850-1949). Minister and administrator. In 1891 he went to South Africa, where he organized the first conference. Three years later he and Pieter Wessels obtained from Cecil Rhodes a 12,000-acre (4,850-hectare) tract of land on which Solusi Mission was established. After spending six years in Australia, he returned to the United States, and during the next 18 years served as conference president in Nebraska, Colorado, and Southern New England.

Picture: Smith, Uriah (1832-1903). Minister, writer, and editor. He became a Sabbathkeeping Adventist in 1852, and joined the Review staff the next year. From that time until his death his name was listed on the masthead, most of the time as editor. He was the first Bible instructor in Battle Creek College, was secretary of the General Conference, and wrote a number of books, the best known of which is Thoughts on Daniel and the Revelation. Picture: The White Home on Wood Street in Battle Creek. James and Ellen White built this home in Battle Creek, Michigan in 1856. It was here, in the large upstairs bedroom, that Ellen White wrote out her “Great Controversy” vision. Picture: Waggoner, E. J. (1855-1916). Editor, minister, physician. He attended Battle Creek College and obtained a medical degree from Bellevue Medical College, New York. In 1886 he and A. T. Jones became editors of the Signs of the Times. At the 1888 General Conference session in Minneapolis, he and Jones gave a memorable series of sermons on righteousness by faith. In 1892 he moved to England to edit Present Truth, and in 1902 became the first president of the South England Conference. Some time after his return from England, he left denominational employment.

Picture: Waggoner, J. H. (1820-1889). Evangelist, editor, author. In 1860 he was a member of the conference called to consider forming a legal association for the church, and was one of a committee of three that recommended the name “Seventh-day Adventist” for the church. He was one of the speakers at the first camp meeting, held in Wright, Michigan, in 1868. In 1881 he succeeded James White as editor of the Signs of the Times, and in 1886 helped establish the work in Europe. He edited the German and French papers, and wrote From Eden to Eden. Picture: Health Reform Institute. Established 1866. Three years after Ellen White’s 1863 health reform vision, the church’s first medical facility was opened in Battle Creek, Michigan. Originally called the Western Health Reform Institute, by the time it was incorporated in 1867 the name had been shortened to Health Reform Institute. Later still it was designated as the Battle Creek Sanitarium, a name that became recognized around the world.

Picture: White, Ellen Gould (1827-1915). With her husband and Joseph Bates, she was one of the co-founders of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Converted in 1840, she at once felt a burden for soul winning, a burden that she carried throughout her long life. Possessing the prophetic gift as described in the Bible, she became a distinguished writer and speaker, and worked tirelessly and successfully to build up and extend the advent movement. To this end she traveled and preached extensively in the United States, Europe, and Australia. At meetings in Groveland, Massachusetts (1876 and 1877) she spoke to audiences estimated at 20,000. She contributed more than 5,000 articles to journals of the church, many of which were later published in book form. Her five-volume Conflict of the Ages series has been the means of leading many thousands to Christ. Picture: White, James Springer (1821-1881). One of three co-founders of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the other two being his wife, Ellen, and Joseph Bates. He taught school for two years, but when scarcely 21 joined the Millerite movement, and, with chart in hand, began to preach. It is reported that during the winter months of 1842-1843 he led more than 1,000 persons to Christ. After the disappointment of October 22, 1844, he joined other Christians in Bible study, seeking further light. In 1846 he accepted the Sabbath truth, and in 1849 began publishing Present Truth. As the number of Sabbathkeeping Adventists increased, he urged that they develop an organization. This resulted in the formation of the General Conference in 1863. He was a leader in developing the church’s publishing, educational, and medical work. For many years he was editor of the Review and Herald, and served three terms as president of the General Conference (1865-1867; 1868-1871; 1874-1880).

Picture: White, James Edson (1849-1928). The second son of James and Ellen White, he is best known for his evangelistic endeavors for Black Americans in the South. In 1894 he had a riverboat constructed in Michigan for $3,700, and, naming it the Morning Star, sailed it down the Mississippi River to Yazoo City. He and his missionary-minded company of workers held gospel meetings on board ship, and offered schoolwork to both children and adults. Within a few years 50 small schools and churches were erected. Many Black ministers and teachers trace their first contacts with Seventh-day Adventists to these schools and the Morning Star that gave them birth. Picture: White, William (Willie) Clarence (1854-1937). The third son of James and Ellen White, he served as editorial assistant and publishing manager for his mother after the death of his father. In 1874 he began denominational work at the age of 20, helping with the Signs of the Times in Oakland, California. One year later he was elected business manager of the Pacific SDA Publishing Association, and president of the Board. In 1877 he was sent to Battle Creek College to prepare for service in Europe with J. N. Andrews. While still a student, he was made a member of the college board of trustees, and also became involved in the publishing, Sabbath school, and health work in Battle Creek. From 1880 to 1885 he helped develop the educational and medical work on the Pacific coast. He went to Europe to assist his mother for two years beginning in 1885, and went to Australia in 1891. For approximately ten years he served in that field, for three years being president of the Australian Union Conference. Upon returning to the United States in mid-1900, he chaired the committee on reorganization at the 1901 General Conference session, continued to assist his mother with her publishing endeavors, and after her death helped carry out the provisions of her will. Except for four years (1897-1901), when he asked to be relieved of the responsibility, he served on the General Conference committee from 1883 until his death in 1937. Picture: William Miller Home. Built by William Miller in 1815, this home is now owned by Adventist Heritage Ministry. A Baptist farmer-turned-preacher, Miller emphasized the soon return of Christ, based upon his study of Bible prophecy. Seventh-day Adventists trace their origins to the Millerite movement of the 1840s. The house is open for tours during the spring and summer months.

Spurned in 1888

Chapter 22—The Organizing Theme