- Foreword
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- January 6, 1876
- January 6, 1876
- January 13, 1876
- January 20, 1876
- January 27, 1876
- February 3, 1876
- February 10, 1876
- February 24, 1876
- March 2, 1876
- March 9, 1876
- March 16, 1876
- March 23, 1876
- March 30, 1876
- April 20, 1876
- April 20, 1876
- May 4, 1876
- May 11, 1876
- June 15, 1876
- August 3, 1876
- September 7, 1876
- September 14, 1876
- October 5, 1876
- October 19, 1876
- November 30, 1876
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- January 3, 1878
- January 17, 1878
- January 24, 1878
- January 31, 1878
- February 7, 1878
- February 7, 1878
- February 14, 1878
- February 21, 1878
- February 28, 1878
- March 7, 1878
- March 14, 1878
- March 21, 1878
- May 9, 1878
- June 6, 1878
- July 18, 1878
- July 25, 1878
- August 1, 1878
- August 15, 1878
- August 15, 1878
- August 22, 1878
- August 29, 1878
- September 12, 1878
- October 17, 1878
- October 24, 1878
- October 31, 1878
- December 12, 1878
- December 19, 1878
- December 19, 1878
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- January 9, 1879
- January 9, 1879
- January 16, 1879
- January 23, 1879
- January 30, 1879
- February 6, 1879
- February 13, 1879
- February 20, 1879
- February 27, 1879
- March 6, 1879
- March 6, 1879
- March 6, 1879
- March 13, 1879
- March 20, 1879
- March 27, 1879
- April 3, 1879
- April 10, 1879
- April 17, 1879
- April 24, 1879
- May 1, 1879
- July 3, 1879
- August 7, 1879
- August 14, 1879
- August 21, 1879
- August 28, 1879
- September 4, 1879
- September 18, 1879
- October 9, 1879
- October 16, 1879
- October 23, 1879
- October 23, 1879
- November 20, 1879
- November 27, 1879
- December 4, 1879
- December 11, 1879
- December 18, 1879
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- January 8, 1880
- January 8, 1880
- January 15, 1880
- January 15, 1880
- January 22, 1880
- January 29, 1880
- February 5, 1880
- February 12, 1880
- February 12, 1880
- February 19, 1880
- February 19, 1880
- February 26, 1880
- February 26, 1880
- March 4, 1880
- March 11, 1880
- March 18, 1880
- March 25, 1880
- April 1, 1880
- April 1, 1880
- April 8, 1880
- April 15, 1880
- April 22, 1880
- April 22, 1880
- May 6, 1880
- May 6, 1880
- May 13, 1880
- May 13, 1880
- May 20, 1880
- May 27, 1880
- June 3, 1880
- June 10, 1880
- June 17, 1880
- June 24, 1880
- July 1, 1880
- July 8, 1880
- July 15, 1880
- July 15, 1880
- July 22, 1880
- July 29, 1880
- August 12, 1880
- August 19, 1880
- August 26, 1880
- September 2, 1880
- September 9, 1880
- September 16, 1880
- September 30, 1880
- October 7, 1880
- October 14, 1880
- October 21, 1880
- October 28, 1880
- November 4, 1880
- November 11, 1880
- November 18, 1880
- November 25, 1880
- December 2, 1880
- December 9, 1880
- December 16, 1880
- December 30, 1880
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- January 6, 1881
- January 13, 1881
- January 20, 1881
- March 3, 1881
- March 10, 1881
- March 24, 1881
- March 31, 1881
- April 7, 1881
- April 14, 1881
- April 21, 1881
- May 5, 1881
- May 12, 1881
- May 19, 1881
- May 26, 1881
- June 2, 1881
- June 9, 1881
- June 16, 1881
- June 23, 1881
- June 23, 1881
- June 30, 1881
- July 14, 1881
- July 21, 1881
- July 28, 1881
- August 4, 1881
- August 11, 1881
- August 18, 1881
- September 15, 1881
- September 22, 1881
- September 29, 1881
- October 6, 1881
- October 13, 1881
- October 27, 1881
- November 3, 1881
- November 10, 1881
- November 24, 1881
- December 1, 1881
- December 8, 1881
- December 15, 1881
- December 22, 1881
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- January 5, 1882
- January 12, 1882
- January 12, 1882
- January 19, 1882
- January 19, 1882
- January 26, 1882
- January 26, 1882
- February 2, 1882
- February 2, 1882
- February 9, 1882
- February 16, 1882
- February 23, 1882
- March 2, 1882
- March 2, 1882
- March 9, 1882
- March 16, 1882
- March 16, 1882
- April 20, 1882
- May 4, 1882
- May 4, 1882
- May 18, 1882
- May 25, 1882
- May 25, 1882
- June 8, 1882
- June 15, 1882
- June 22, 1882
- June 29, 1882
- July 13, 1882
- July 20, 1882
- July 27, 1882
- August 3, 1882
- August 10, 1882
- August 17, 1882
- August 24, 1882
- August 31, 1882
- September 14, 1882
- November 2, 1882
- December 7, 1882
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- January 4, 1883
- January 11, 1883
- January 18, 1883
- January 25, 1883
- February 1, 1883
- February 8, 1883
- February 15, 1883
- March 22, 1883
- April 5, 1883
- April 5, 1883
- April 12, 1883
- April 19, 1883
- May 10, 1883
- May 17, 1883
- May 17, 1883
- May 31, 1883
- June 7, 1883
- June 14, 1883
- June 21, 1883
- June 28, 1883
- July 12, 1883
- July 19, 1883
- July 26, 1883
- August 2, 1883
- August 9, 1883
- August 16, 1883
- August 23, 1883
- August 23, 1883
- August 30, 1883
- September 6, 1883
- September 20, 1883
- September 27, 1883
- October 4, 1883
- October 11, 1883
- October 18, 1883
- October 25, 1883
- November 1, 1883
- November 15, 1883
- November 15, 1883
- November 22, 1883
- November 29, 1883
- December 6, 1883
- December 13, 1883
- December 20, 1883
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- January 3, 1884
- January 10, 1884
- January 17, 1884
- January 24, 1884
- January 31, 1884
- February 7, 1884
- February 28, 1884
- March 6, 1884
- March 13, 1884
- March 20, 1884
- March 27, 1884
- April 3, 1884
- April 10, 1884
- April 17, 1884
- May 1, 1884
- May 8, 1884
- May 15, 1884
- May 22, 1884
- May 29, 1884
- June 5, 1884
- June 12, 1884
- June 19, 1884
- June 26, 1884
- July 3, 1884
- July 17, 1884
- July 24, 1884
- July 31, 1884
- August 7, 1884
- August 14, 1884
- August 21, 1884
- September 4, 1884
- September 11, 1884
- September 18, 1884
- October 2, 1884
- October 9, 1884
- October 23, 1884
- November 6, 1884
- November 13, 1884
- November 20, 1884
- November 27, 1884
- December 4, 1884
- December 18, 1884
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- January 1, 1885
- January 8, 1885
- January 15, 1885
- January 22, 1885
- January 29, 1885
- February 5, 1885
- February 12, 1885
- February 19, 1885
- February 26, 1885
- March 5, 1885
- August 6, 1885
- August 13, 1885
- August 27, 1885
- September 10, 1885
- October 8, 1885
- October 15, 1885
- October 22, 1885
- October 29, 1885
- November 12, 1885
- November 26, 1885
- December 3, 1885
- December 10, 1885
- December 17, 1885
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- January 7, 1886
- January 14, 1886
- January 14, 1886
- January 21, 1886
- January 28, 1886
- January 28, 1886
- February 11, 1886
- February 18, 1886
- March 4, 1886
- March 11, 1886
- March 11, 1886
- March 18, 1886
- March 25, 1886
- April 1, 1886
- April 8, 1886
- April 15, 1886
- April 22, 1886
- May 6, 1886
- May 13, 1886
- May 20, 1886
- June 3, 1886
- June 10, 1886
- June 17, 1886
- June 24, 1886
- July 1, 1886
- July 8, 1886
- July 15, 1886
- July 22, 1886
- July 29, 1886
- August 5, 1886
- August 12, 1886
- August 19, 1886
- August 26, 1886
- September 2, 1886
- September 9, 1886
- September 16, 1886
- October 28, 1886
- November 4, 1886
- November 11, 1886
- November 18, 1886
- November 25, 1886
- December 9, 1886
- December 16, 1886
- December 23, 1886
- December 30, 1886
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- January 6, 1887
- February 10, 1887
- February 17, 1887
- February 24, 1887
- March 3, 1887
- March 10, 1887
- March 17, 1887
- March 24, 1887
- March 31, 1887
- April 7, 1887
- April 14, 1887
- April 21, 1887
- May 5, 1887
- May 19, 1887
- May 19, 1887
- May 26, 1887
- June 2, 1887
- June 9, 1887
- June 16, 1887
- June 23, 1887
- June 30, 1887
- July 7, 1887
- July 14, 1887
- July 21, 1887
- July 28, 1887
- July 28, 1887
- August 4, 1887
- August 11, 1887
- August 18, 1887
- August 25, 1887
- September 1, 1887
- September 8, 1887
- September 15, 1887
- September 22, 1887
- September 29, 1887
- October 6, 1887
- October 20, 1887
- November 3, 1887
- November 10, 1887
- November 17, 1887
- November 24, 1887
- December 1, 1887
- December 8, 1887
- December 15, 1887
- December 22, 1887
- December 29, 1887
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- January 6, 1888
- January 13, 1888
- January 20, 1888
- January 27, 1888
- February 3, 1888
- February 10, 1888
- February 17, 1888
- February 24, 1888
- March 2, 1888
- March 9, 1888
- March 16, 1888
- March 23, 1888
- March 30, 1888
- April 6, 1888
- April 13, 1888
- April 20, 1888
- May 4, 1888
- May 11, 1888
- May 18, 1888
- May 25, 1888
- June 1, 1888
- June 8, 1888
- June 15, 1888
- June 22, 1888
- June 29, 1888
- July 6, 1888
- July 13, 1888
- July 20, 1888
- July 27, 1888
- August 3, 1888
- August 10, 1888
- August 17, 1888
- August 24, 1888
- August 31, 1888
- September 7, 1888
- September 14, 1888
- September 21, 1888
- October 5, 1888
- October 12, 1888
- October 19, 1888
- October 26, 1888
- November 2, 1888
- November 9, 1888
- November 16, 1888
- November 30, 1888
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- March 4, 1889
- March 11, 1889
- March 18, 1889
- March 25, 1889
- April 1, 1889
- April 8, 1889
- April 15, 1889
- April 22, 1889
- May 6, 1889
- May 13, 1889
- May 20, 1889
- May 27, 1889
- June 3, 1889
- June 10, 1889
- June 17, 1889
- June 24, 1889
- July 1, 1889
- July 8, 1889
- July 15, 1889
- July 22, 1889
- July 29, 1889
- August 5, 1889
- August 12, 1889
- August 19, 1889
- August 26, 1889
- September 2, 1889
- September 9, 1889
- September 16, 1889
- September 23, 1889
- September 30, 1889
- October 14, 1889
- October 21, 1889
- October 28, 1889
- November 4, 1889
- November 11, 1889
- November 18, 1889
- November 25, 1889
- December 16, 1889
- December 23, 1889
- December 30, 1889
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- January 6, 1890
- January 13, 1890
- January 20, 1890
- January 27, 1890
- February 3, 1890
- February 3, 1890
- February 10, 1890
- February 17, 1890
- February 24, 1890
- March 3, 1890
- March 10, 1890
- March 17, 1890
- March 24, 1890
- March 31, 1890
- April 7, 1890
- April 14, 1890
- April 21, 1890
- April 28, 1890
- May 12, 1890
- May 19, 1890
- May 26, 1890
- June 2, 1890
- June 9, 1890
- June 16, 1890
- July 7, 1890
- July 14, 1890
- July 21, 1890
- July 28, 1890
- August 4, 1890
- August 11, 1890
- August 18, 1890
- September 1, 1890
- September 8, 1890
- September 22, 1890
- October 6, 1890
- October 13, 1890
- November 3, 1890
- November 10, 1890
- November 24, 1890
- December 1, 1890
- December 8, 1890
- December 15, 1890
- December 22, 1890
- December 29, 1890
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- January 5, 1891
- January 12, 1891
- January 19, 1891
- January 26, 1891
- February 9, 1891
- March 16, 1891
- March 23, 1891
- March 30, 1891
- April 6, 1891
- April 13, 1891
- April 20, 1891
- April 27, 1891
- May 18, 1891
- May 25, 1891
- June 1, 1891
- June 8, 1891
- June 15, 1891
- June 22, 1891
- June 29, 1891
- July 6, 1891
- July 20, 1891
- July 27, 1891
- August 3, 1891
- August 10, 1891
- August 17, 1891
- August 24, 1891
- September 7, 1891
- September 28, 1891
- October 12, 1891
- November 9, 1891
- November 16, 1891
- November 23, 1891
- November 30, 1891
- December 7, 1891
- December 14, 1891
- December 21, 1891
- December 28, 1891
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- February 8, 1892
- February 8, 1892
- February 15, 1892
- February 22, 1892
- February 29, 1892
- March 7, 1892
- March 14, 1892
- March 21, 1892
- March 28, 1892
- March 28, 1892
- April 4, 1892
- April 11, 1892
- April 18, 1892
- April 25, 1892
- May 2, 1892
- May 9, 1892
- May 16, 1892
- May 30, 1892
- June 6, 1892
- June 13, 1892
- June 20, 1892
- June 27, 1892
- July 4, 1892
- July 11, 1892
- July 18, 1892
- July 25, 1892
- August 1, 1892
- August 8, 1892
- August 15, 1892
- August 22, 1892
- August 29, 1892
- September 5, 1892
- September 12, 1892
- September 19, 1892
- September 26, 1892
- October 3, 1892
- October 10, 1892
- October 17, 1892
- October 24, 1892
- November 7, 1892
- November 14, 1892
- November 21, 1892
- November 28, 1892
- December 5, 1892
- December 12, 1892
- December 19, 1892
- December 26, 1892
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- January 2, 1893
- January 9, 1893
- January 16, 1893
- January 23, 1893
- January 30, 1893
- February 6, 1893
- February 13, 1893
- February 20, 1893
- February 27, 1893
- March 6, 1893
- March 13, 1893
- March 20, 1893
- March 27, 1893
- April 3, 1893
- April 10, 1893
- April 17, 1893
- April 24, 1893
- May 1, 1893
- May 8, 1893
- May 15, 1893
- May 29, 1893
- June 5, 1893
- June 12, 1893
- June 19, 1893
- June 26, 1893
- July 3, 1893
- July 10, 1893
- July 17, 1893
- July 24, 1893
- July 31, 1893
- August 7, 1893
- August 14, 1893
- August 21, 1893
- August 28, 1893
- September 4, 1893
- September 11, 1893
- September 18, 1893
- September 25, 1893
- October 2, 1893
- October 9, 1893
- October 16, 1893
- October 23, 1893
- November 6, 1893
- November 13, 1893
- November 20, 1893
- November 27, 1893
- December 4, 1893
- December 11, 1893
- December 18, 1893
- December 25, 1893
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- January 1, 1894
- January 8, 1894
- January 15, 1894
- January 22, 1894
- January 29, 1894
- February 5, 1894
- February 12, 1894
- February 19, 1894
- February 26, 1894
- March 12, 1894
- March 19, 1894
- March 26, 1894
- April 2, 1894
- April 9, 1894
- April 16, 1894
- April 23, 1894
- April 30, 1894
- May 7, 1894
- May 14, 1894
- May 28, 1894
- June 4, 1894
- June 11, 1894
- June 18, 1894
- June 25, 1894
- July 2, 1894
- July 9, 1894
- July 16, 1894
- July 23, 1894
- July 30, 1894
- August 6, 1894
- August 13, 1894
- August 20, 1894
- August 27, 1894
- September 3, 1894
- September 10, 1894
- September 17, 1894
- September 24, 1894
- October 1, 1894
- October 8, 1894
- October 15, 1894
- October 22, 1894
- October 29, 1894
- November 5, 1894
- November 12, 1894
- November 19, 1894
- November 26, 1894
- December 3, 1894
- December 10, 1894
- December 17, 1894
- December 24, 1894
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- January 3, 1895
- January 10, 1895
- January 17, 1895
- January 24, 1895
- January 31, 1895
- February 7, 1895
- February 14, 1895
- February 28, 1895
- March 7, 1895
- March 14, 1895
- March 21, 1895
- March 28, 1895
- April 4, 1895
- April 11, 1895
- April 18, 1895
- April 25, 1895
- May 2, 1895
- May 16, 1895
- May 23, 1895
- May 30, 1895
- June 6, 1895
- June 13, 1895
- June 20, 1895
- June 27, 1895
- July 4, 1895
- July 11, 1895
- July 18, 1895
- July 25, 1895
- August 1, 1895
- August 8, 1895
- August 15, 1895
- August 22, 1895
- August 29, 1895
- September 5, 1895
- September 12, 1895
- September 19, 1895
- September 26, 1895
- October 3, 1895
- October 10, 1895
- October 17, 1895
- October 24, 1895
- October 31, 1895
- November 7, 1895
- November 14, 1895
- November 21, 1895
- December 5, 1895
- December 12, 1895
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- January 2, 1896
- January 9, 1896
- January 16, 1896
- January 23, 1896
- February 6, 1896
- February 13, 1896
- February 20, 1896
- February 27, 1896
- March 5, 1896
- March 12, 1896
- March 26, 1896
- April 2, 1896
- April 9, 1896
- April 16, 1896
- April 23, 1896
- April 30, 1896
- May 7, 1896
- May 14, 1896
- May 21, 1896
- May 28, 1896
- June 11, 1896
- June 18, 1896
- June 25, 1896
- July 2, 1896
- July 9, 1896
- July 16, 1896
- July 23, 1896
- July 30, 1896
- August 6, 1896
- August 13, 1896
- August 20, 1896
- August 27, 1896
- September 3, 1896
- September 10, 1896
- September 17, 1896
- September 24, 1896
- October 1, 1896
- October 8, 1896
- October 15, 1896
- October 22, 1896
- October 29, 1896
- November 5, 1896
- November 12, 1896
- November 19, 1896
- November 26, 1896
- December 3, 1896
- December 10, 1896
- December 17, 1896
- December 24, 1896
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- January 7, 1897
- January 14, 1897
- January 21, 1897
- January 28, 1897
- February 4, 1897
- February 11, 1897
- February 18, 1897
- February 25, 1897
- March 4, 1897
- March 11, 1897
- March 18, 1897
- March 25, 1897
- April 1, 1897
- April 8, 1897
- April 15, 1897
- April 22, 1897
- April 29, 1897
- May 6, 1897
- May 13, 1897
- May 20, 1897
- May 27, 1897
- June 3, 1897
- June 17, 1897
- June 24, 1897
- July 1, 1897
- July 8, 1897
- July 15, 1897
- July 22, 1897
- July 29, 1897
- August 5, 1897
- August 12, 1897
- August 19, 1897
- August 26, 1897
- September 2, 1897
- September 9, 1897
- September 16, 1897
- September 23, 1897
- September 30, 1897
- October 7, 1897
- October 14, 1897
- October 21, 1897
- October 28, 1897
- November 4, 1897
- November 11, 1897
- November 18, 1897
- November 25, 1897
- December 2, 1897
- December 9, 1897
- December 16, 1897
- December 23, 1897
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- January 6, 1898
- January 13, 1898
- January 20, 1898
- January 27, 1898
- February 3, 1898
- February 10, 1898
- February 17, 1898
- February 24, 1898
- March 3, 1898
- March 10, 1898
- March 17, 1898
- March 24, 1898
- March 31, 1898
- April 7, 1898
- April 14, 1898
- April 21, 1898
- April 28, 1898
- May 5, 1898
- May 12, 1898
- May 19, 1898
- May 26, 1898
- June 2, 1898
- June 9, 1898
- June 16, 1898
- June 23, 1898
- June 30, 1898
- July 7, 1898
- July 14, 1898
- July 21, 1898
- July 28, 1898
- August 4, 1898
- August 11, 1898
- August 18, 1898
- August 25, 1898
- September 1, 1898
- September 8, 1898
- September 15, 1898
- September 22, 1898
- September 29, 1898
- October 6, 1898
- October 13, 1898
- October 20, 1898
- October 27, 1898
- November 3, 1898
- November 10, 1898
- November 17, 1898
- November 24, 1898
- December 1, 1898
- December 8, 1898
- December 15, 1898
- December 22, 1898
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- January 4, 1899
- January 11, 1899
- January 18, 1899
- January 25, 1899
- February 1, 1899
- February 8, 1899
- February 15, 1899
- February 22, 1899
- March 1, 1899
- March 8, 1899
- March 15, 1899
- April 5, 1899
- May 3, 1899
- May 10, 1899
- May 17, 1899
- May 24, 1899
- June 21, 1899
- June 28, 1899
- July 4, 1899
- July 12, 1899
- July 19, 1899
- July 26, 1899
- August 2, 1899
- August 9, 1899
- August 16, 1899
- August 23, 1899
- August 30, 1899
- September 6, 1899
- September 13, 1899
- September 20, 1899
- September 27, 1899
- October 4, 1899
- October 11, 1899
- October 18, 1899
- October 25, 1899
- November 1, 1899
- November 8, 1899
- November 15, 1899
- November 22, 1899
- November 29, 1899
- December 13, 1899
- December 20, 1899
- December 27, 1899
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- January 3, 1900
- January 10, 1900
- January 17, 1900
- January 24, 1900
- January 31, 1900
- February 7, 1900
- February 14, 1900
- February 21, 1900
- February 28, 1900
- March 14, 1900
- March 21, 1900
- March 28, 1900
- April 4, 1900
- April 11, 1900
- April 18, 1900
- April 25, 1900
- May 2, 1900
- May 9, 1900
- May 16, 1900
- May 23, 1900
- May 30, 1900
- June 6, 1900
- June 13, 1900
- June 20, 1900
- June 27, 1900
- July 4, 1900
- July 11, 1900
- July 18, 1900
- July 25, 1900
- August 1, 1900
- August 1, 1900
- August 8, 1900
- August 15, 1900
- August 22, 1900
- August 29, 1900
- September 5, 1900
- September 12, 1900
- September 19, 1900
- September 26, 1900
- October 3, 1900
- October 10, 1900
- October 17, 1900
- October 24, 1900
- October 31, 1900
- November 7, 1900
- November 14, 1900
- November 28, 1900
- December 12, 1900
- December 19, 1900
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- January 2, 1901
- January 30, 1901
- February 13, 1901
- February 20, 1901
- March 20, 1901
- April 10, 1901
- April 17, 1901
- May 1, 1901
- May 15, 1901
- May 22, 1901
- May 29, 1901
- June 5, 1901
- June 12, 1901
- June 19, 1901
- June 26, 1901
- July 10, 1901
- July 17, 1901
- July 24, 1901
- July 31, 1901
- August 7, 1901
- August 14, 1901
- August 21, 1901
- August 28, 1901
- September 4, 1901
- September 18, 1901
- September 25, 1901
- October 2, 1901
- October 9, 1901
- October 30, 1901
- November 6, 1901
- November 13, 1901
- November 20, 1901
- December 4, 1901
- December 11, 1901
- December 18, 1901
- December 25, 1901
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- January 8, 1902
- January 15, 1902
- January 22, 1902
- January 29, 1902
- February 5, 1902
- February 12, 1902
- February 19, 1902
- February 26, 1902
- March 5, 1902
- March 19, 1902
- March 26, 1902
- April 2, 1902
- April 9, 1902
- April 16, 1902
- April 23, 1902
- May 7, 1902
- May 14, 1902
- May 21, 1902
- May 28, 1902
- June 4, 1902
- June 18, 1902
- June 25, 1902
- July 2, 1902
- July 9, 1902
- July 16, 1902
- July 23, 1902
- July 30, 1902
- August 6, 1902
- August 13, 1902
- August 20, 1902
- August 27, 1902
- September 3, 1902
- September 10, 1902
- September 17, 1902
- September 24, 1902
- October 1, 1902
- October 8, 1902
- October 29, 1902
- November 26, 1902
- December 3, 1902
- December 10, 1902
- December 17, 1902
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- January 7, 1903
- January 14, 1903
- January 28, 1903
- February 4, 1903
- February 18, 1903
- March 11, 1903
- March 18, 1903
- April 1, 1903
- April 8, 1903
- April 22, 1903
- April 29, 1903
- May 20, 1903
- May 27, 1903
- June 3, 1903
- June 10, 1903
- June 17, 1903
- June 24, 1903
- July 1, 1903
- August 5, 1903
- August 12, 1903
- August 19, 1903
- August 26, 1903
- September 2, 1903
- September 16, 1903
- September 30, 1903
- October 21, 1903
- October 28, 1903
- November 4, 1903
- November 11, 1903
- November 18, 1903
- November 25, 1903
- December 9, 1903
- December 16, 1903
- December 30, 1903
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- January 6, 1904
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June 28, 1883
Luther Summoned to Augsburg
Luther's pen was tracing words of truth that shook the very foundations of the papacy. “Whatever sermons and instructions do not exhibit and make known Jesus Christ, cannot be the daily bread and nourishment of souls. Therefore we must preach Christ alone.” What words were these to come from a son of the Roman Church! Christ was exalted above the pope. Christ was lifted up before the people as the Lamb of God, who alone can take away the sin of the world. What marvel that Satan was enraged, and that all the power of the Roman hierarchy was excited against Luther?ST June 28, 1883, par. 1
The Reformer continues: “What is it to know Christ? and what good will come of it? I answer, To learn and know Christ is to understand what the apostle declares, namely, that Christ is made unto us, of God, wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, and redemption.” “To believe is nothing else than feeding on this bread from Heaven.”ST June 28, 1883, par. 2
Concerning the power of the church to remit sin, he writes: “The remission of sin is out of the power of pope, bishop, or priest, or any man living, and rests solely on the word of Christ and on their own faith. A pope or bishop has no more power to remit sins than the humblest priest.”ST June 28, 1883, par. 3
To bring the truth more prominently before the people, Luther prepared theses setting forth the new doctrines, and engaged in public discussion of them with his opponents, at one of the leading universities of Germany. This discussion was listened to with deep interest. Educated young men marked with astonishment the force of Luther's arguments from the Scriptures. They sought out the Reformer, and in private eagerly listened to his explanation of the word of God. They honestly desired to know the truth; therefore the entrance of God's word gave light to their understanding. The teacher's work was rewarded. When Luther was called to other fields, these young men, with the Bible in their hands, fearlessly proclaimed the words of life. Crowds came together to hear the truth, and many captives were released from the bondage of papal error. These young men became active and useful laborers in the church, and occupied responsible positions in the great work of the Reformation.ST June 28, 1883, par. 4
Luther saw that the cause of truth had little to hope for from those who had been educated in error, and he felt that its success must depend upon the rising generation. He says: “I have the glorious hope that as even Christ, when rejected of the Jews, turned toward the Gentiles, so we shall see the rising generation receive true theology, which these old men, wedded to their vain and most fantastical opinions, now obstinately reject.”ST June 28, 1883, par. 5
These words of the Reformer contain a truth that should be heeded by those who are still pressing forward in the work of reform. Men are slow to renounce the cherished errors of a life-time. Many resolutely close their eyes, lest they see the light of truth. Oftentimes the clearest evidence from the word of God serves only to excite their hatred and opposition. Now, as in the time of Luther, the hopes of reform rest with the young, whose habits and opinions have not yet become stereotyped, and who therefore more readily yield to right influences. Converted to God, the youth of our time may, like the young men whom Luther instructed, fill an important place in the cause of truth.ST June 28, 1883, par. 6
The wide spread interest excited by Luther's teachings aroused the fears of the papal authorities, and efforts were at once put forth to quench the dangerous heresy. A letter was written in the pope's name to the elector Frederic, urging him to withdraw his protection from Luther, and intimating suspicion of the elector's fidelity to the church. The Romanists had misjudged the character of the prince with whom they had to deal. Frederic of Saxony was a devoted servant of the church, but he was also a man of sterling integrity, and he would not sacrifice justice and truth, even to the demands of the pope. To the papal letter he replied, that Luther had uniformly expressed a willingness to defend his doctrines before proper judges, and to submit to their decision if they should be able by the Scriptures to convince him of error.ST June 28, 1883, par. 7
But the word of God was not the weapon most convenient for Rome to handle. It was the very thing that they did not want brought to light; for they well knew that the truths contained therein would not only condemn their unrighteous course, but would lay their lofty pretensions in the dust. The only weapons which they could safely use were prisons, torture, and death. Erelong Luther receives a summons to appear at Rome to answer at the papal tribunal to the charge of heresy. This command fills his friends with terror.ST June 28, 1883, par. 8
They know full well the danger that threatens him in that corrupt city, already drunk with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. With indignation they ask among themselves, Shall every man who dares lift his voice against the sins of Rome be silenced by death? Shall we permit this great sacrifice?ST June 28, 1883, par. 9
Luther's teachings had attracted the attention of thoughtful minds throughout all Germany. From his sermons and writings issued beams of light which had awakened and illuminated thousands. A living faith was taking the place of the dead formalism in which the church had so long been held. The people were daily losing confidence in the superstitions of Romanism. The barriers of prejudice were giving way. The word of God, by which Luther tested every doctrine and every claim, was like a two-edged sword, cutting its way to the hearts of the people. Everywhere there was awakening a desire for spiritual progress. Everywhere was such a hungering and thirsting after righteousness as had not been known for ages. The eyes of the people so long directed to human forms and human mediators, were now turning, in penitence and faith, to Christ and him crucified.ST June 28, 1883, par. 10
Luther and his friends knew that he could not hope for justice at Rome. They knew that there would be no safety for him on the journey to Rome, and no safety after his arrival. The Romists had not been sparing in their denunciations of him, and once in their grasp no human power could release him. His friends were unanimous in the desire that he should receive his examination in Germany.ST June 28, 1883, par. 11
This arrangement was finally effected, and the pope's legate was appointed to hear the case. The instructions communicated by the pontiff to this official were as follows:ST June 28, 1883, par. 12
“We charge you to compel Luther to appear before you in person; to prosecute and reduce him to submission without delay, as soon as you shall have received this our order, he having already been declared a heretic by our dear brother Jerome, Bishop of Asculan.” “If he should return to a sense of his duty, and ask pardon for so great an offense, freely and of his own accord, we give you power to receive him into the unity of the holy mother church.” “If he should persist in his stubbornness, and you fail to get possession of his person, we give you power to proscribe him in all places in Germany; to put away, curse, and excommunicate all those who are attached to him, and to enjoin all Christians to shun his society.”ST June 28, 1883, par. 13
The pope goes still farther, and calls upon his legate, in order entirely to root out the pestilent heresy, to excommunicate all, of whatever dignity in church or State except the emperor, who shall “neglect to seize the said Martin Luther and his adherents, and send them to you under proper and safe authority.”ST June 28, 1883, par. 14
Here is displayed the true spirit of Romanism. Not a trace of Christian principle, or even of common justice, is to be seen in the whole document. Luther is at a great distance from Rome; he has had no opportunity to explain or defend his position; yet before his case has been investigated, he is summarily pronounced a heretic, and in the same day, exhorted, accused, judged, and condemned; and all this by the self-styled holy father, the only supreme, infallible authority in church or State! The spirit of the dragon, “that old serpent, which is the devil and Satan,” is seen in this transaction. Notwithstanding his cunning, he has in his rage forgotten to be wise.ST June 28, 1883, par. 15
Augsburg had been fixed upon as the place of Luther's trial, and thither the Reformer went. Serious fears were entertained in his behalf. Threats had been made openly that he would be waylaid and murdered on the way, and his friends begged him not to venture. Staupitz entreated Luther to come and take refuge with him until the storm should subside. “It seems to me,” he wrote, “that the whole world is up in arms and combined against the truth. Even so was the crucified Jesus hated. I see not that you have anything else to expect than persecution. Your most prudent course is to leave Wittenberg for a time and come and reside with me. Then let us live and die together.”ST June 28, 1883, par. 16
But Luther would not leave the position where God had placed him. He must continue faithfully to maintain the truth, notwithstanding the storms that were beating upon him. His language was, “I am like Jeremiah, a man of strife and contention; but the more they increase their contentions, the more they multiply my joy. My wife and children are well provided for, my lands and houses and all my goods are safe. They have already torn to pieces my honor and my good name. All I have left is my wretched body; let them have it; they will then shorten my life by a few hours. But as to my soul, they shall not have that. He who resolves to bear the word of Christ to the world, must expect death at every hour.”ST June 28, 1883, par. 17