- Foreword
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- January 6, 1876
- January 6, 1876
- January 13, 1876
- January 20, 1876
- January 27, 1876
- February 3, 1876
- February 10, 1876
- February 24, 1876
- March 2, 1876
- March 9, 1876
- March 16, 1876
- March 23, 1876
- March 30, 1876
- April 20, 1876
- April 20, 1876
- May 4, 1876
- May 11, 1876
- June 15, 1876
- August 3, 1876
- September 7, 1876
- September 14, 1876
- October 5, 1876
- October 19, 1876
- November 30, 1876
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- January 3, 1878
- January 17, 1878
- January 24, 1878
- January 31, 1878
- February 7, 1878
- February 7, 1878
- February 14, 1878
- February 21, 1878
- February 28, 1878
- March 7, 1878
- March 14, 1878
- March 21, 1878
- May 9, 1878
- June 6, 1878
- July 18, 1878
- July 25, 1878
- August 1, 1878
- August 15, 1878
- August 15, 1878
- August 22, 1878
- August 29, 1878
- September 12, 1878
- October 17, 1878
- October 24, 1878
- October 31, 1878
- December 12, 1878
- December 19, 1878
- December 19, 1878
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- January 9, 1879
- January 9, 1879
- January 16, 1879
- January 23, 1879
- January 30, 1879
- February 6, 1879
- February 13, 1879
- February 20, 1879
- February 27, 1879
- March 6, 1879
- March 6, 1879
- March 6, 1879
- March 13, 1879
- March 20, 1879
- March 27, 1879
- April 3, 1879
- April 10, 1879
- April 17, 1879
- April 24, 1879
- May 1, 1879
- July 3, 1879
- August 7, 1879
- August 14, 1879
- August 21, 1879
- August 28, 1879
- September 4, 1879
- September 18, 1879
- October 9, 1879
- October 16, 1879
- October 23, 1879
- October 23, 1879
- November 20, 1879
- November 27, 1879
- December 4, 1879
- December 11, 1879
- December 18, 1879
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- January 8, 1880
- January 8, 1880
- January 15, 1880
- January 15, 1880
- January 22, 1880
- January 29, 1880
- February 5, 1880
- February 12, 1880
- February 12, 1880
- February 19, 1880
- February 19, 1880
- February 26, 1880
- February 26, 1880
- March 4, 1880
- March 11, 1880
- March 18, 1880
- March 25, 1880
- April 1, 1880
- April 1, 1880
- April 8, 1880
- April 15, 1880
- April 22, 1880
- April 22, 1880
- May 6, 1880
- May 6, 1880
- May 13, 1880
- May 13, 1880
- May 20, 1880
- May 27, 1880
- June 3, 1880
- June 10, 1880
- June 17, 1880
- June 24, 1880
- July 1, 1880
- July 8, 1880
- July 15, 1880
- July 15, 1880
- July 22, 1880
- July 29, 1880
- August 12, 1880
- August 19, 1880
- August 26, 1880
- September 2, 1880
- September 9, 1880
- September 16, 1880
- September 30, 1880
- October 7, 1880
- October 14, 1880
- October 21, 1880
- October 28, 1880
- November 4, 1880
- November 11, 1880
- November 18, 1880
- November 25, 1880
- December 2, 1880
- December 9, 1880
- December 16, 1880
- December 30, 1880
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- January 6, 1881
- January 13, 1881
- January 20, 1881
- March 3, 1881
- March 10, 1881
- March 24, 1881
- March 31, 1881
- April 7, 1881
- April 14, 1881
- April 21, 1881
- May 5, 1881
- May 12, 1881
- May 19, 1881
- May 26, 1881
- June 2, 1881
- June 9, 1881
- June 16, 1881
- June 23, 1881
- June 23, 1881
- June 30, 1881
- July 14, 1881
- July 21, 1881
- July 28, 1881
- August 4, 1881
- August 11, 1881
- August 18, 1881
- September 15, 1881
- September 22, 1881
- September 29, 1881
- October 6, 1881
- October 13, 1881
- October 27, 1881
- November 3, 1881
- November 10, 1881
- November 24, 1881
- December 1, 1881
- December 8, 1881
- December 15, 1881
- December 22, 1881
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- January 5, 1882
- January 12, 1882
- January 12, 1882
- January 19, 1882
- January 19, 1882
- January 26, 1882
- January 26, 1882
- February 2, 1882
- February 2, 1882
- February 9, 1882
- February 16, 1882
- February 23, 1882
- March 2, 1882
- March 2, 1882
- March 9, 1882
- March 16, 1882
- March 16, 1882
- April 20, 1882
- May 4, 1882
- May 4, 1882
- May 18, 1882
- May 25, 1882
- May 25, 1882
- June 8, 1882
- June 15, 1882
- June 22, 1882
- June 29, 1882
- July 13, 1882
- July 20, 1882
- July 27, 1882
- August 3, 1882
- August 10, 1882
- August 17, 1882
- August 24, 1882
- August 31, 1882
- September 14, 1882
- November 2, 1882
- December 7, 1882
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- January 4, 1883
- January 11, 1883
- January 18, 1883
- January 25, 1883
- February 1, 1883
- February 8, 1883
- February 15, 1883
- March 22, 1883
- April 5, 1883
- April 5, 1883
- April 12, 1883
- April 19, 1883
- May 10, 1883
- May 17, 1883
- May 17, 1883
- May 31, 1883
- June 7, 1883
- June 14, 1883
- June 21, 1883
- June 28, 1883
- July 12, 1883
- July 19, 1883
- July 26, 1883
- August 2, 1883
- August 9, 1883
- August 16, 1883
- August 23, 1883
- August 23, 1883
- August 30, 1883
- September 6, 1883
- September 20, 1883
- September 27, 1883
- October 4, 1883
- October 11, 1883
- October 18, 1883
- October 25, 1883
- November 1, 1883
- November 15, 1883
- November 15, 1883
- November 22, 1883
- November 29, 1883
- December 6, 1883
- December 13, 1883
- December 20, 1883
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- January 3, 1884
- January 10, 1884
- January 17, 1884
- January 24, 1884
- January 31, 1884
- February 7, 1884
- February 28, 1884
- March 6, 1884
- March 13, 1884
- March 20, 1884
- March 27, 1884
- April 3, 1884
- April 10, 1884
- April 17, 1884
- May 1, 1884
- May 8, 1884
- May 15, 1884
- May 22, 1884
- May 29, 1884
- June 5, 1884
- June 12, 1884
- June 19, 1884
- June 26, 1884
- July 3, 1884
- July 17, 1884
- July 24, 1884
- July 31, 1884
- August 7, 1884
- August 14, 1884
- August 21, 1884
- September 4, 1884
- September 11, 1884
- September 18, 1884
- October 2, 1884
- October 9, 1884
- October 23, 1884
- November 6, 1884
- November 13, 1884
- November 20, 1884
- November 27, 1884
- December 4, 1884
- December 18, 1884
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- January 1, 1885
- January 8, 1885
- January 15, 1885
- January 22, 1885
- January 29, 1885
- February 5, 1885
- February 12, 1885
- February 19, 1885
- February 26, 1885
- March 5, 1885
- August 6, 1885
- August 13, 1885
- August 27, 1885
- September 10, 1885
- October 8, 1885
- October 15, 1885
- October 22, 1885
- October 29, 1885
- November 12, 1885
- November 26, 1885
- December 3, 1885
- December 10, 1885
- December 17, 1885
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- January 7, 1886
- January 14, 1886
- January 14, 1886
- January 21, 1886
- January 28, 1886
- January 28, 1886
- February 11, 1886
- February 18, 1886
- March 4, 1886
- March 11, 1886
- March 11, 1886
- March 18, 1886
- March 25, 1886
- April 1, 1886
- April 8, 1886
- April 15, 1886
- April 22, 1886
- May 6, 1886
- May 13, 1886
- May 20, 1886
- June 3, 1886
- June 10, 1886
- June 17, 1886
- June 24, 1886
- July 1, 1886
- July 8, 1886
- July 15, 1886
- July 22, 1886
- July 29, 1886
- August 5, 1886
- August 12, 1886
- August 19, 1886
- August 26, 1886
- September 2, 1886
- September 9, 1886
- September 16, 1886
- October 28, 1886
- November 4, 1886
- November 11, 1886
- November 18, 1886
- November 25, 1886
- December 9, 1886
- December 16, 1886
- December 23, 1886
- December 30, 1886
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- January 6, 1887
- February 10, 1887
- February 17, 1887
- February 24, 1887
- March 3, 1887
- March 10, 1887
- March 17, 1887
- March 24, 1887
- March 31, 1887
- April 7, 1887
- April 14, 1887
- April 21, 1887
- May 5, 1887
- May 19, 1887
- May 19, 1887
- May 26, 1887
- June 2, 1887
- June 9, 1887
- June 16, 1887
- June 23, 1887
- June 30, 1887
- July 7, 1887
- July 14, 1887
- July 21, 1887
- July 28, 1887
- July 28, 1887
- August 4, 1887
- August 11, 1887
- August 18, 1887
- August 25, 1887
- September 1, 1887
- September 8, 1887
- September 15, 1887
- September 22, 1887
- September 29, 1887
- October 6, 1887
- October 20, 1887
- November 3, 1887
- November 10, 1887
- November 17, 1887
- November 24, 1887
- December 1, 1887
- December 8, 1887
- December 15, 1887
- December 22, 1887
- December 29, 1887
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- January 6, 1888
- January 13, 1888
- January 20, 1888
- January 27, 1888
- February 3, 1888
- February 10, 1888
- February 17, 1888
- February 24, 1888
- March 2, 1888
- March 9, 1888
- March 16, 1888
- March 23, 1888
- March 30, 1888
- April 6, 1888
- April 13, 1888
- April 20, 1888
- May 4, 1888
- May 11, 1888
- May 18, 1888
- May 25, 1888
- June 1, 1888
- June 8, 1888
- June 15, 1888
- June 22, 1888
- June 29, 1888
- July 6, 1888
- July 13, 1888
- July 20, 1888
- July 27, 1888
- August 3, 1888
- August 10, 1888
- August 17, 1888
- August 24, 1888
- August 31, 1888
- September 7, 1888
- September 14, 1888
- September 21, 1888
- October 5, 1888
- October 12, 1888
- October 19, 1888
- October 26, 1888
- November 2, 1888
- November 9, 1888
- November 16, 1888
- November 30, 1888
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- March 4, 1889
- March 11, 1889
- March 18, 1889
- March 25, 1889
- April 1, 1889
- April 8, 1889
- April 15, 1889
- April 22, 1889
- May 6, 1889
- May 13, 1889
- May 20, 1889
- May 27, 1889
- June 3, 1889
- June 10, 1889
- June 17, 1889
- June 24, 1889
- July 1, 1889
- July 8, 1889
- July 15, 1889
- July 22, 1889
- July 29, 1889
- August 5, 1889
- August 12, 1889
- August 19, 1889
- August 26, 1889
- September 2, 1889
- September 9, 1889
- September 16, 1889
- September 23, 1889
- September 30, 1889
- October 14, 1889
- October 21, 1889
- October 28, 1889
- November 4, 1889
- November 11, 1889
- November 18, 1889
- November 25, 1889
- December 16, 1889
- December 23, 1889
- December 30, 1889
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- January 6, 1890
- January 13, 1890
- January 20, 1890
- January 27, 1890
- February 3, 1890
- February 3, 1890
- February 10, 1890
- February 17, 1890
- February 24, 1890
- March 3, 1890
- March 10, 1890
- March 17, 1890
- March 24, 1890
- March 31, 1890
- April 7, 1890
- April 14, 1890
- April 21, 1890
- April 28, 1890
- May 12, 1890
- May 19, 1890
- May 26, 1890
- June 2, 1890
- June 9, 1890
- June 16, 1890
- July 7, 1890
- July 14, 1890
- July 21, 1890
- July 28, 1890
- August 4, 1890
- August 11, 1890
- August 18, 1890
- September 1, 1890
- September 8, 1890
- September 22, 1890
- October 6, 1890
- October 13, 1890
- November 3, 1890
- November 10, 1890
- November 24, 1890
- December 1, 1890
- December 8, 1890
- December 15, 1890
- December 22, 1890
- December 29, 1890
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- January 5, 1891
- January 12, 1891
- January 19, 1891
- January 26, 1891
- February 9, 1891
- March 16, 1891
- March 23, 1891
- March 30, 1891
- April 6, 1891
- April 13, 1891
- April 20, 1891
- April 27, 1891
- May 18, 1891
- May 25, 1891
- June 1, 1891
- June 8, 1891
- June 15, 1891
- June 22, 1891
- June 29, 1891
- July 6, 1891
- July 20, 1891
- July 27, 1891
- August 3, 1891
- August 10, 1891
- August 17, 1891
- August 24, 1891
- September 7, 1891
- September 28, 1891
- October 12, 1891
- November 9, 1891
- November 16, 1891
- November 23, 1891
- November 30, 1891
- December 7, 1891
- December 14, 1891
- December 21, 1891
- December 28, 1891
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- February 8, 1892
- February 8, 1892
- February 15, 1892
- February 22, 1892
- February 29, 1892
- March 7, 1892
- March 14, 1892
- March 21, 1892
- March 28, 1892
- March 28, 1892
- April 4, 1892
- April 11, 1892
- April 18, 1892
- April 25, 1892
- May 2, 1892
- May 9, 1892
- May 16, 1892
- May 30, 1892
- June 6, 1892
- June 13, 1892
- June 20, 1892
- June 27, 1892
- July 4, 1892
- July 11, 1892
- July 18, 1892
- July 25, 1892
- August 1, 1892
- August 8, 1892
- August 15, 1892
- August 22, 1892
- August 29, 1892
- September 5, 1892
- September 12, 1892
- September 19, 1892
- September 26, 1892
- October 3, 1892
- October 10, 1892
- October 17, 1892
- October 24, 1892
- November 7, 1892
- November 14, 1892
- November 21, 1892
- November 28, 1892
- December 5, 1892
- December 12, 1892
- December 19, 1892
- December 26, 1892
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- January 2, 1893
- January 9, 1893
- January 16, 1893
- January 23, 1893
- January 30, 1893
- February 6, 1893
- February 13, 1893
- February 20, 1893
- February 27, 1893
- March 6, 1893
- March 13, 1893
- March 20, 1893
- March 27, 1893
- April 3, 1893
- April 10, 1893
- April 17, 1893
- April 24, 1893
- May 1, 1893
- May 8, 1893
- May 15, 1893
- May 29, 1893
- June 5, 1893
- June 12, 1893
- June 19, 1893
- June 26, 1893
- July 3, 1893
- July 10, 1893
- July 17, 1893
- July 24, 1893
- July 31, 1893
- August 7, 1893
- August 14, 1893
- August 21, 1893
- August 28, 1893
- September 4, 1893
- September 11, 1893
- September 18, 1893
- September 25, 1893
- October 2, 1893
- October 9, 1893
- October 16, 1893
- October 23, 1893
- November 6, 1893
- November 13, 1893
- November 20, 1893
- November 27, 1893
- December 4, 1893
- December 11, 1893
- December 18, 1893
- December 25, 1893
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- January 1, 1894
- January 8, 1894
- January 15, 1894
- January 22, 1894
- January 29, 1894
- February 5, 1894
- February 12, 1894
- February 19, 1894
- February 26, 1894
- March 12, 1894
- March 19, 1894
- March 26, 1894
- April 2, 1894
- April 9, 1894
- April 16, 1894
- April 23, 1894
- April 30, 1894
- May 7, 1894
- May 14, 1894
- May 28, 1894
- June 4, 1894
- June 11, 1894
- June 18, 1894
- June 25, 1894
- July 2, 1894
- July 9, 1894
- July 16, 1894
- July 23, 1894
- July 30, 1894
- August 6, 1894
- August 13, 1894
- August 20, 1894
- August 27, 1894
- September 3, 1894
- September 10, 1894
- September 17, 1894
- September 24, 1894
- October 1, 1894
- October 8, 1894
- October 15, 1894
- October 22, 1894
- October 29, 1894
- November 5, 1894
- November 12, 1894
- November 19, 1894
- November 26, 1894
- December 3, 1894
- December 10, 1894
- December 17, 1894
- December 24, 1894
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- January 3, 1895
- January 10, 1895
- January 17, 1895
- January 24, 1895
- January 31, 1895
- February 7, 1895
- February 14, 1895
- February 28, 1895
- March 7, 1895
- March 14, 1895
- March 21, 1895
- March 28, 1895
- April 4, 1895
- April 11, 1895
- April 18, 1895
- April 25, 1895
- May 2, 1895
- May 16, 1895
- May 23, 1895
- May 30, 1895
- June 6, 1895
- June 13, 1895
- June 20, 1895
- June 27, 1895
- July 4, 1895
- July 11, 1895
- July 18, 1895
- July 25, 1895
- August 1, 1895
- August 8, 1895
- August 15, 1895
- August 22, 1895
- August 29, 1895
- September 5, 1895
- September 12, 1895
- September 19, 1895
- September 26, 1895
- October 3, 1895
- October 10, 1895
- October 17, 1895
- October 24, 1895
- October 31, 1895
- November 7, 1895
- November 14, 1895
- November 21, 1895
- December 5, 1895
- December 12, 1895
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- January 2, 1896
- January 9, 1896
- January 16, 1896
- January 23, 1896
- February 6, 1896
- February 13, 1896
- February 20, 1896
- February 27, 1896
- March 5, 1896
- March 12, 1896
- March 26, 1896
- April 2, 1896
- April 9, 1896
- April 16, 1896
- April 23, 1896
- April 30, 1896
- May 7, 1896
- May 14, 1896
- May 21, 1896
- May 28, 1896
- June 11, 1896
- June 18, 1896
- June 25, 1896
- July 2, 1896
- July 9, 1896
- July 16, 1896
- July 23, 1896
- July 30, 1896
- August 6, 1896
- August 13, 1896
- August 20, 1896
- August 27, 1896
- September 3, 1896
- September 10, 1896
- September 17, 1896
- September 24, 1896
- October 1, 1896
- October 8, 1896
- October 15, 1896
- October 22, 1896
- October 29, 1896
- November 5, 1896
- November 12, 1896
- November 19, 1896
- November 26, 1896
- December 3, 1896
- December 10, 1896
- December 17, 1896
- December 24, 1896
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- January 7, 1897
- January 14, 1897
- January 21, 1897
- January 28, 1897
- February 4, 1897
- February 11, 1897
- February 18, 1897
- February 25, 1897
- March 4, 1897
- March 11, 1897
- March 18, 1897
- March 25, 1897
- April 1, 1897
- April 8, 1897
- April 15, 1897
- April 22, 1897
- April 29, 1897
- May 6, 1897
- May 13, 1897
- May 20, 1897
- May 27, 1897
- June 3, 1897
- June 17, 1897
- June 24, 1897
- July 1, 1897
- July 8, 1897
- July 15, 1897
- July 22, 1897
- July 29, 1897
- August 5, 1897
- August 12, 1897
- August 19, 1897
- August 26, 1897
- September 2, 1897
- September 9, 1897
- September 16, 1897
- September 23, 1897
- September 30, 1897
- October 7, 1897
- October 14, 1897
- October 21, 1897
- October 28, 1897
- November 4, 1897
- November 11, 1897
- November 18, 1897
- November 25, 1897
- December 2, 1897
- December 9, 1897
- December 16, 1897
- December 23, 1897
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- January 6, 1898
- January 13, 1898
- January 20, 1898
- January 27, 1898
- February 3, 1898
- February 10, 1898
- February 17, 1898
- February 24, 1898
- March 3, 1898
- March 10, 1898
- March 17, 1898
- March 24, 1898
- March 31, 1898
- April 7, 1898
- April 14, 1898
- April 21, 1898
- April 28, 1898
- May 5, 1898
- May 12, 1898
- May 19, 1898
- May 26, 1898
- June 2, 1898
- June 9, 1898
- June 16, 1898
- June 23, 1898
- June 30, 1898
- July 7, 1898
- July 14, 1898
- July 21, 1898
- July 28, 1898
- August 4, 1898
- August 11, 1898
- August 18, 1898
- August 25, 1898
- September 1, 1898
- September 8, 1898
- September 15, 1898
- September 22, 1898
- September 29, 1898
- October 6, 1898
- October 13, 1898
- October 20, 1898
- October 27, 1898
- November 3, 1898
- November 10, 1898
- November 17, 1898
- November 24, 1898
- December 1, 1898
- December 8, 1898
- December 15, 1898
- December 22, 1898
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- January 4, 1899
- January 11, 1899
- January 18, 1899
- January 25, 1899
- February 1, 1899
- February 8, 1899
- February 15, 1899
- February 22, 1899
- March 1, 1899
- March 8, 1899
- March 15, 1899
- April 5, 1899
- May 3, 1899
- May 10, 1899
- May 17, 1899
- May 24, 1899
- June 21, 1899
- June 28, 1899
- July 4, 1899
- July 12, 1899
- July 19, 1899
- July 26, 1899
- August 2, 1899
- August 9, 1899
- August 16, 1899
- August 23, 1899
- August 30, 1899
- September 6, 1899
- September 13, 1899
- September 20, 1899
- September 27, 1899
- October 4, 1899
- October 11, 1899
- October 18, 1899
- October 25, 1899
- November 1, 1899
- November 8, 1899
- November 15, 1899
- November 22, 1899
- November 29, 1899
- December 13, 1899
- December 20, 1899
- December 27, 1899
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- January 3, 1900
- January 10, 1900
- January 17, 1900
- January 24, 1900
- January 31, 1900
- February 7, 1900
- February 14, 1900
- February 21, 1900
- February 28, 1900
- March 14, 1900
- March 21, 1900
- March 28, 1900
- April 4, 1900
- April 11, 1900
- April 18, 1900
- April 25, 1900
- May 2, 1900
- May 9, 1900
- May 16, 1900
- May 23, 1900
- May 30, 1900
- June 6, 1900
- June 13, 1900
- June 20, 1900
- June 27, 1900
- July 4, 1900
- July 11, 1900
- July 18, 1900
- July 25, 1900
- August 1, 1900
- August 1, 1900
- August 8, 1900
- August 15, 1900
- August 22, 1900
- August 29, 1900
- September 5, 1900
- September 12, 1900
- September 19, 1900
- September 26, 1900
- October 3, 1900
- October 10, 1900
- October 17, 1900
- October 24, 1900
- October 31, 1900
- November 7, 1900
- November 14, 1900
- November 28, 1900
- December 12, 1900
- December 19, 1900
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- January 2, 1901
- January 30, 1901
- February 13, 1901
- February 20, 1901
- March 20, 1901
- April 10, 1901
- April 17, 1901
- May 1, 1901
- May 15, 1901
- May 22, 1901
- May 29, 1901
- June 5, 1901
- June 12, 1901
- June 19, 1901
- June 26, 1901
- July 10, 1901
- July 17, 1901
- July 24, 1901
- July 31, 1901
- August 7, 1901
- August 14, 1901
- August 21, 1901
- August 28, 1901
- September 4, 1901
- September 18, 1901
- September 25, 1901
- October 2, 1901
- October 9, 1901
- October 30, 1901
- November 6, 1901
- November 13, 1901
- November 20, 1901
- December 4, 1901
- December 11, 1901
- December 18, 1901
- December 25, 1901
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- January 8, 1902
- January 15, 1902
- January 22, 1902
- January 29, 1902
- February 5, 1902
- February 12, 1902
- February 19, 1902
- February 26, 1902
- March 5, 1902
- March 19, 1902
- March 26, 1902
- April 2, 1902
- April 9, 1902
- April 16, 1902
- April 23, 1902
- May 7, 1902
- May 14, 1902
- May 21, 1902
- May 28, 1902
- June 4, 1902
- June 18, 1902
- June 25, 1902
- July 2, 1902
- July 9, 1902
- July 16, 1902
- July 23, 1902
- July 30, 1902
- August 6, 1902
- August 13, 1902
- August 20, 1902
- August 27, 1902
- September 3, 1902
- September 10, 1902
- September 17, 1902
- September 24, 1902
- October 1, 1902
- October 8, 1902
- October 29, 1902
- November 26, 1902
- December 3, 1902
- December 10, 1902
- December 17, 1902
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- January 7, 1903
- January 14, 1903
- January 28, 1903
- February 4, 1903
- February 18, 1903
- March 11, 1903
- March 18, 1903
- April 1, 1903
- April 8, 1903
- April 22, 1903
- April 29, 1903
- May 20, 1903
- May 27, 1903
- June 3, 1903
- June 10, 1903
- June 17, 1903
- June 24, 1903
- July 1, 1903
- August 5, 1903
- August 12, 1903
- August 19, 1903
- August 26, 1903
- September 2, 1903
- September 16, 1903
- September 30, 1903
- October 21, 1903
- October 28, 1903
- November 4, 1903
- November 11, 1903
- November 18, 1903
- November 25, 1903
- December 9, 1903
- December 16, 1903
- December 30, 1903
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- January 6, 1904
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August 16, 1883
Luther's Journey to Worms
Luther at Wittenberg hears of the exciting scenes transpiring in the diet. Soon he receives a note of the articles which he will be required to retract. But, like Daniel of old, he purposes in his heart that he will maintain his fidelity to God. He writes to Spalatin: “Never fear that I will retract a single syllable, since the only argument they have to urge against me is that my writings are at variance with the observances of what they call the Church. If our Emperor Charles sends for me only to retract, my answer shall be that I will remain here, and it will be all the same as though I had been at Worms, and returned again. But if the emperor chooses then to send for me, to put me to death as an enemy to the empire, I shall be ready to obey his summons; for, by Christ's help, I will never abandon his word in the hour of battle. I know that these blood-thirsty men will never rest until they have taken my life. God grant that my death may be laid to the charge of the papists alone!”ST August 16, 1883, par. 1
Notwithstanding the entreaties, protests, and threats of Aleander, the emperor at last determined that Luther should appear before the diet. He accordingly issued a writ of summons, and also a safe-conduct insuring Luther's return to a place of security. These were borne to Wittenberg by a herald, who was commissioned to conduct the Reformer to Worms.ST August 16, 1883, par. 2
This was a dark and threatening hour for the Reformation. The friends of Luther were terrified and distressed. But the Reformer remained calm and firm. He was entreated not to risk his life. His friends, knowing the prejudice and enmity against him, feared that even his safe-conduct would not be respected. And it had been reported that the safe-conduct of heretics was not valid.ST August 16, 1883, par. 3
Luther replied: “The papists have little desire to see me at Worms; but they long for my condemnation and death. No matter. Pray not for me, but for the word of God. My blood will hardly be cold before thousands and tens of thousands, in every land, will be made to answer for the shedding of it. The ‘most holy’ adversary of Christ, the father, and master, and chief of man-slayers, is resolved that it shall be spilled. Amen! The will of God be done. Christ will give me his Spirit to overcome these ministers of Satan. I despise them while I live; I will triumph over them in death. They are striving hard at Worms to force me to recant. My recantation shall be this: I said formerly that the pope was Christ's vicar; now I say that he is the adversary of the Lord, and the apostle of the devil.”ST August 16, 1883, par. 4
Luther was not to make his perilous journey alone. Besides the imperial messenger, three of his firmest friends determined to accompany him. With deep emotion the Reformer bade farewell to his associates. Turning to Melancthon, he said: “If I never return, and my enemies should take my life, cease not, dear brother, to teach and stand fast in the truth. Labor in my stead, since I can no longer work. If thy life be spared, my death will matter little.”ST August 16, 1883, par. 5
A multitude of students and citizens, to whom the gospel was precious, bade him farewell with weeping as he departed. The imperial herald, in full costume, and bearing the imperial eagle, led the way on horseback, followed by his servant. Next came the carriage in which rode Luther and his friends. Thus the Reformer set out from Wittenberg.ST August 16, 1883, par. 6
On the journey they saw that the minds of the people were oppressed by gloomy forebodings. At some towns no honors were proffered them. As they stopped for the night at Naumburg, a friendly priest expressed his fears by holding up before Luther the portrait of an Italian reformer who suffered martyrdom for the truth's sake. With trembling voice the priest bade Luther, “Stand fast in the truth, and thy God will never forsake thee.”ST August 16, 1883, par. 7
Upon arriving, the next day, at Weimar, they learned that Luther's writings had been condemned at Worms. In the streets of the city the imperial messengers were proclaiming the emperor's decree, and urging all men to bring the proscribed works to the magistrates. The herald, in alarm, asked Luther if, under the circumstances, he still wished to go on. He answered: “I will go on, though I should be put under interdict in every town.”ST August 16, 1883, par. 8
At Erfurth, Luther was received with honor. Several leagues from the city, the rector of the university, with senators, students, and citizens, met him on horseback, and welcomed him with joyful acclamations. Great numbers of the population thronged the road, and cheered him as he was about to enter the city. All were eager to see the intrepid monk who had dared give battle to the pope. Thus, surrounded by admiring crowds, he entered the city where, in his earlier years, he had often begged a morsel of bread.ST August 16, 1883, par. 9
He was urged to preach. This he had been forbidden to do; but the herald gave his consent, and the monk whose duty it once was to unclose the gates and sweep the aisles, now ascended the pulpit, while the people listened, as if spell-bound, to his words.ST August 16, 1883, par. 10
The bread of life was broken to those hungry souls. Jesus was lifted up before them as above popes, legates, emperors, and kings. Said Luther: “Christ, our Mediator, has overcome. This is the great news! and we are saved by his work, not by our own.” “Some perhaps will say, You talk to us much about faith; teach us then how to obtain it. Well, agreed. I will show you how. Our Lord Jesus Christ said, ‘Peace be unto you. Behold my hands!’ That is to say, Look, O man, it is I, I alone, who have taken away thy sin and redeemed thee, and now thou hast peace, saith the Lord.” “Believe the gospel, believe St. Paul, and not the letters and decretals of the popes.”ST August 16, 1883, par. 11
Luther makes no reference to his own perilous position. He does not seek to make himself the object of thought or sympathy. In the contemplation of Christ, he has lost sight of self. He hides behind the Man of Calvary, seeking only to present Christ as the sinner's Redeemer.ST August 16, 1883, par. 12
As Luther proceeds on his journey he is everywhere regarded with great interest. An eager throng constantly accompanies him. Friendly voices warn him of the purpose of the Romanists. “You will be burned alive,” say they, “and your body reduced to ashes, as was that of John Huss.” Luther answers, “Though they should kindle a fire whose flames should reach from Worms to Wittenberg, and rise up to heaven, I would go through it in the name of the Lord, and stand before them; I would enter the jaws of the behemoth, break his teeth, and confess the Lord Jesus Christ.”ST August 16, 1883, par. 13
The news of Luther's approach to Worms created great commotion among the supporters of the pope. His arrival might result in the defeat of their cause. An artful plan was at once laid to prevent him from finishing his journey. A troop of horsemen met him on his way with the message that a friendly knight desired him to proceed immediately to his fortress. The emperor's confessor was said to be there, awaiting a conference. His influence with Charles was unbounded, and everything might be harmoniously arranged.ST August 16, 1883, par. 14
The messenger urged that there be no delay. Luther's friends knew not what course to take, but he did not hesitate for a moment. “I shall go on,” he answered, “and if the emperor's confessor has anything to say to me, he will find me at Worms, I repair to the place of summons.”ST August 16, 1883, par. 15
At length Spalatin himself became alarmed for the safety of the Reformer. He heard it reported among the papists at Worms that Luther's safe-conduct would not be respected, and he immediately sent out a messenger to warn him of his danger. As Luther was approaching the city, a note from Spalatin was handed him, containing these words, “Abstain from entering Worms.” Luther, still unshaken, turned his eyes on the messenger, and said, “Go tell your master that though there should be as many devils at Worms as there are tiles on its roofs, I would enter it.” And the messenger returned, and repeated the amazing declaration.ST August 16, 1883, par. 16
Splendid was the reception granted Luther upon his arrival at Worms. The crowd that flocked to the gates to welcome him was even greater than at the public entry of the emperor himself. “God will be my defense,” said the Reformer, as he a lighted from his carriage.ST August 16, 1883, par. 17
Yet the news of his arrival was heard with alarm by both friends and foes. The elector feared for Luther's safety, Aleander for the success of his own iniquitous schemes. The emperor immediately convoked his council. “Luther is come,” said he, “what must be done?” One of the bishops, a rigid papist, responded, “We have long thought of this matter. Let your majesty rid yourself at once of this man. Did not Sigismund bring John Huss to the stake? One is under no obligation either to give or to observe a safe-conduct in the case of heretics.” “Not so,” said the emperor, “what we promise we should observe and keep.” It was therefore decided that Luther should be heard.ST August 16, 1883, par. 18
All the city were eager to see the Reformer, and he had enjoyed but a few hours’ rest when counts, barons, knights, gentlemen, and citizens flocked eagerly about him. Even his enemies could but mark his firm courageous bearing, the kindly and joyous expression upon his countenance, and the solemn elevation and deep earnestness that gave to his words an irresistible power. Some were convinced that a divine influence attended him; others declared, as had the Pharisees concerning Christ, “He hath a devil.”ST August 16, 1883, par. 19