Ikigabane Ca 35 - Ibangamirwa Ry’umwidegemvyo W'umutimanama

Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma rirabwa ijisho ryiza n’abaprotestanti muri kino gihe gusumvya mu myaka yo hambere. Mu bihugu usanga ishengero gatolika ridatsimbataye cane kandi ugasanga abayoboke ba papa bariyubara kugira ngo bagire inyifato ibashoboza kugira ubwaku aho hantu ; usanga amashengero y’abaprotestanti arushirizaho kutarabira kure inyifato zibatandukanya n’inzego zitandukanye z’ubupapa. Mbere hariho iciyumviro gitera gikura yuko impera n’imperuka tudatandukanye cane ku ngingo z’inkoramutima nk’uko bamwe bavyiyumvira, kandi hamwe gusa twotezura gato, hoca habaho ukwumvikana kwuzuye hagati yacu n’ishengero ry’i Roma. Harabaye igihe abo baprotestanti bahaye agaciro gahambaye umwidegemvyo w’umutimanama bashitseko bibagoye. Barigishije abana babo kurabira kure ubupapa kandi babamenyesha ko urondera kwifatanya n’ishengero ry’i Roma ari ukugabira Imana. Mbega ukuntu ivyiyumviro nk’ivyo vyahindutse cane muri kino gihe!IB 395.2

Abashigikiye ubupapa bavuga ko ishengero ryabo barikoreye intebe ishushe, kandi abaprotestanti bafise imvo yo kuvyemera. Benshi bavuga yuko atoba ari ubutungane kwagiriza ishengero ryo muri kino gihe amarorerwa n’amabi yaranze intwaro yaryo mu binjana vy’ubutamenya hamwe n’umwiza. Ntibashira akatuzo cane ku bugizi bwaryo bwa nabi buteye ubwoba, babwegeka ku gatima k’ubukoko karanga ivyo bihe, maze bakumvisha abantu ko ibihe bagezemwo vy’iterambere vyatumye habaho ihinduka ku vyiyumviro vyaryo.IB 395.3

Mbega abantu baribagira ko mu gihe c’imyaka y’ibinjana umunani, ubwo butware bwishira hejuru bwemeje abantu y’uko butihenda ? Aho kwisubirako, ico ciyumviro barakigarutseko baragitsimbataza mu kinjana ca cumi n’icenda gusumvya uko vyahora. Mu gihe abarongozi b’ishengero ry’i Roma, bavuga ngo « Ishengero ntirizimira », kandi wisunze ivyanditswe,ko « ritigeze rizimira » (John L. Van Mosheim, Institutes of Ecclesiastical History, Book 3, Century II, part 2, Chapter 2, Section 9, Note 17), none ryovirira gute ingingo ryubakiyeko igikorwa caryo muri kahise ?IB 395.4

Nta musi n’umwe ishengero ry’i Roma rizokwigera ridohoka ku co ryemeye ko « ritihenda ». Ivyo ryakoze vyose mu guhama abatemeye inyigisho ryafata ko ari ukuri, ribona ko vyari bibereye; rishobora kwongera kubikora hamwe ryoba ribironkeye akaryo. Hamwe ibihugu vyotezura ingingo vyafashe zicuvya ubushobozi bwaryo maze rikongera rigasubirana ijunja ryahoranye aho hambere, mworaba ukuntu mu mwanya muto ryisuganya maze intwaro y’igikenye n’agahamo bikongera gukwira hose.IB 396.1

Uku ni ko umwanditsi rurangiranwa avuga ku bijanye n’inyifato y’inzego z’ubupapa, ku vyerekeranye n’umwidegemvyo w’umutimanama, hamwe n’ingorane na cane cane zigeramiye Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, kubwo uburyo ubupapa bushika ku ntumbero zabwo: « Hariho abantu benshi bibaza ko ari ugushigikira ibintu utabanje kurimbura canke ari ivyiyumviro vy’abagomba guha agaciro ubwoba bwubakiye kw’iterambere ry’ishengero gatolika muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika. Abo bantu nta kintu na kimwe babona muri kamere no mu nyifato y’ishengero ry’i Roma gihushanije n’inzego zacu zikorera mu mwidegemvyo, kandi nta kintu na kimwe babona giteye ubwoba mw’iterambere ryaryo. » Reka tugerageze tugereranye zimwe mu ngingo nshingiro z’intwaro yacu hamwe n’iz’ishengero gatolika ry’i Roma.IB 396.2

Ibwirizwa nshingiro rya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika rishira imbere umwidegemvyo w’umutimanama. Nta kintu gihambaye kandi c’ishingiro gusumvya ico. Papa Piyo w’icenda, mw’ikete yandikiye ishengero kw’igenekerezo rya 5 Myandagaro 1854, yavuze ati : « Inyigisho zitagira umutwe n’amaguru, zuzuye ibinyoma, canke z’indenzarugero ziha agaciro umwidegemvyo w’umutimanama ni ikosa riteye ubwoba nk’akaranda, - akaranda ko gutinywa mu gihugu gusumvya ubundi. Uwo mu papa nyene mw’ikete yanditse ryo muri Kigarama, igenekerezo rya 18, 1864, yaciriyeko iteka abashira imbere umwidegemvyo w’umutimanama hamwe n’uwo gusenga, « hamwe n’abatemerera ishengero uburenganzira bwo gukoresha inguvu.”IB 396.3

Imvugo y’amahoro y’ishengero ry’i Roma muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ntisigura yuko ryahinduye ivyiyumviro. Aho ridafise inguvu rigira inyifato y’ukwihanganirana. Uku ni ko umwepiskopi O’ Connor avuga : « Umwidegemvyo w’idini turawemera igihe cose tudashobora gukora ibihushanye nawo hatabangamiwe inyungu z’ishengero gatolika. » Igihe kimwe umwepiskopi mukuru w’i Saint Luis yaravuze ati: « Ukutemera hamwe no kwigisha inyigisho atari zo ni icaha; kandi mu bihugu vy’abakristo, nk’akarorero mu Butariyano, no muri Espanye, aho abantu bose ari abagatolika, kandi aho idini katolika rifise uruhara runini mu mategeko y’igihugu, bihanwa co kimwe n’ubundi bubisha.IB 396.4

« Umukaridinari wese, umwepisikopi mukuru wese, umwepisikopi wese w’ishengero gatolika ararahira ko azogamburukira papa; iyo ndahiro iba igizwe n’aya majambo akurikira : « Abigisha inyigisho atari zo, abazana imirwi mw’ishengero hamwe n’abagumuka ku mwungere wacu (Papa), canke ku basubirizi biwe, nzokora uko nshoboye ndabarwanye kandi ndabahame. » (Josiah Strong, Our Country, Chapter 5, pars. 2-4).IB 396.5

Ni ikintu c’ukuri yuko hariho abakristo babushitse mu bemera b’abakatolika b’ishengero ry’i Roma. Abantu ibihumbi muri iryo shengero bakorera Imana bisunze, ku buryo buringaniye, umuco baronse. Kubera ko batemererwa gushikira ijambo ryayo, ni co gituma rero badatandukanya ukuri. Ntibarigera babona itandukaniro riri hagati y’igikorwa c’umutima muzima utagoberewe hamwe no kurangura ikintu kubwo gukurikiza imigenzo imenyerewe. Imana ifitiye impuhwe abo bantu bigishijwe ku rugero bariko maze bagakurikira ukwizera kw’ikinyoma kandi kutaremesha. Izotuma imishwarara y’umuco wayo yinjira mu mwiza uremereye ukikije abantu. Izobahishurira ukuri nk’uko kuri muri Yesu Kristo, kandi benshi bazofata ingingo yo kuba mu ruhande rw’abayoboke bayo.IB 397.1

Ariko rero, ukuntu ishengero gatolika ryubatse ubu ntikuringaniye n’ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo kuruta uko vyoba vyarigeze kumera muri kahise karyo. Amashengero y’abaprotestanti ari mu mwiza w’umuzitanya, kandi yari gushobora kugenzura ibimenyetso vy’ibihe. Ishengero gatolika ry’i Roma riramaze gushika kure mu migambi yaryo, no mu buryo rikora. Rigerageza gukoresha akantu akariko kose gatuma ubwaku bwaryo bwiyongera hamwe n’ubushobozi bwaryo mu kwitegurira urugamba rukaze kandi rutazosubira inyuma rwo kwifatira isi mu minwe, kwongera gutanguza agahamo, hamwe no gusambagura ivyo bari barubatse. Ishengero gatolika ryi Roma rigenda ritsimbatara ahantu atari hamwe. Ni murabe ukuntu igitigiri c’insengero zaryo hamwe n’ibindi bibanza vyo gusengeramwo bigenda vyiyongera mu bihugu vy’abaprotestanti. Ni murabe ingene amashure yisumbuye n’ibigo bijejwe kwigisha ivy’iyobokamana vyaryo vyamenyekanye cane muri Amerika, kandi bikaba vyigiramwo urwaruka rutari ruke rw’abaprotestanti. Ni murabe ingene ukwubaka ku migenzo vyateye intambuko mu Bwongereza n’ingene kenshi abantu badohoka bakifatanya n’umurwi w’abakatolika. Ibi bintu vyategerezwa gutera amakenga abo bose baha agaciro ingingo ngenderwako zitomoye z’ubutumwa bwiza.IB 397.2

Abaprotestanti barimenyereje ubupapa, barabukuyakuya; barabwemereye kandi barabukomorera ibintu abayoboke ba papa batangara iyo babibonye kandi bikabananira gutahura. Abantu barigira impumyi kuri kamere nyezina y’ubupapa no ku ngorane zogeramira abantu, kubera ubushobozi bwabwo. Abantu bakeneye guhaguruka kugira ngo bazibire uyu mwansi ateye ubwoba w’umwidegemvyo w’abantu n’uw’ukwemera areke gutera atsimbatara.IB 397.3

Abaprotestanti benshi babona ko idini katolika ridakwegakwega abantu kandi ko ingene basenga ari urukurikirane rutagira insiguro rw’ibimenyetso. Aho barahihendera. N’aho ubupapa bwubatse ku kinyoma, ntibubuze kuba bufise ubwaku ku bantu. Integuro yo gusenga y’ishengero gatolika ry’i Roma irusha izindi ibirori. Imigenzo ikorwa icese muri iyo nteguro n’ukuntu bayiha icubahiro co hejuru biraryohera amaso y’abantu kandi bikagota ubwenge n’umutimanama vyabo. Ijisho riratangara. Insengero ziteye igomwe, ingendo zubahirizwa, uruhimbi rukozwe mw’izahabu, ubwinshi bw’ibisigarira vy’abantu n’ahantu, amarangi asize ku buryo budasanzwe hamwe n’ubuhinga mu vyo utugenegene, bituma abantu babitamarira kubera ubwiza bwa vyo. N’ugutwi nakwo kurakwegwa. Umuziki wohora urawumviriza. Imirya y’inanga itandukanye iherekejwe n’amajwi menshi yumvikana neza, uko agenda asohoka aciye mu madirisha y’amakatedrale amahero, ntabura gutuma ubwenge bw’abantu butangara kandi bugacishwa bugufi.IB 397.4

Ubu bwiza busiga ubwenge, ibi birori bihambaye bishobora gusa guhenda ivyipfuzo vy’ imitima irwaye kubera icaha , si ikimenyamenya c’uko ivyiyumviro ari vyiza kandi bitunganye. Idini rya Kristo ntiriheshwa agaciro n’ibikwegakwega abantu bingana uko. Mu muco wamuritswe uvuye ku musaraba, ubukristo bw’ukuri buboneka ko butunganye kandi bubereye ku buryo ata bisharizo vy’inyuma vyobwongereza agaciro. Ugukunda ubwiza bw’ubweranda, umutima umenetse kandi ubayeho amahoro, ni vyo bifise agaciro imbere y’Imana.IB 398.1

Ibintu biboneka ko vyakoranywe ubuhinga si ikimenyamenya, vyanka bikunda, c’ivyiyumviro bitunganye kandi vyo hejuru. Kwiyumvira mu vyo ubuhinga bwo hejuru, kumenya ingene utandukanya ibintu ukabishima, birashika kenshi n’abatwawe n’ivyiyumviro vy’isi canke n’ibihimbaro vy’umubiri bakabishikako. Kenshi Satani arabakoresha kugira ngo bibagize abantu ivyo umutima ukeneye kurusha ibindi, ntibiyumvire ivyo muri kazoza, ivyo ubuzima buhoraho, gutera umugongo umufasha wabo atananirwa, hamwe no kwitwararika ivyo kubaho muri ubu buzima vyonyene.IB 398.2

Idini ry’ibibonwa inyuma n’amaso rikwegakwega abo imitima itaratyororwa. Icubahiro n’ibirori vy’integuro yo gusenga kw’abakatolika bifise ubwaku buhambaye bwo kuresharesha no kurengera ivyiyumviro vy’abantu benshi bakorera ku bigumbagumba vyonyene ku buryo bafata ishengero katolika ry’i Roma nk’uko ari urugi rw’ijuru. Nta muntu n’umwe uretse abamaze gushinga ibirenge vyabo ku kuri kandi n’imitima yabo ikaba yaravuguruwe na Mpwemu yera, adashikirwa n’ubwaku bwaryo. Abantu ibihumbi bataramara guhura na Yesu ngo bamumenye ni bo bazokwegwa ngo bemere ishusho idafise ububasha yo gukunda Imana. Idini nk’iryo ni ryo isinzi ry’abantu bipfuza.IB 398.3

Ivyo ishengero gatolika ry’i Roma rivuga ko rifise uburenganzira bwo kubabarira ivyaha ni inzira ituma abantu benshi bamogorera mu caha; kandi itegeko ryo kwirega, iyo ridakurikijwe, rituma ishengero ridatanga ikigongwe, na ryo nyene risa nk’irirekurira abantu gukora ikibi. Uwo apfukama imbere y’abantu baguye mu caha, maze mu kwirega, agashira ahabona amabanga y’i vyiyumviro hamwe n’ivyipfuzo vy’umutima wiwe, aba ariko ariyaka agateka kiwe nk’ikiremwa muntu kandi aba ariko atitura iciyumviro cose ciza co mu mutima wiwe. Iyo umuntu ariko abwira umupatiri (umuntu nawe azimira, umunyavyaha ashikirwa n’urupfu, kandi kenshi yiyanduza ku bwo kunywa vino n’ubundi bubegito) ivyaha vyaranze ubuzima bwiwe, urugero rwiwe rwa kamere aba arumanuye hasi kandi aba yiyatse agateka. Ivyiyumviro asanganywe ku Mana aba abitituye mu kubiringaniza n’ivyo afise ku muntu agwa mu caha, kuko umupatiri aba ari mu kibanza c’uhagarariye Imana. Uku kwatura ivyaha kwatitutse kw’umuntu ku wundi kwahindutse isoko ry’ibanga ibibi bitari bike bihumanya isi kandi bikayitegurira uguhona kwamaho, vyuburukamwo. Ariko kuri uyo anezerezwa no kwiyorohereza, ahimbarwa cane no kwaturira ibiri ku mutima wiwe umuntu apfa nkawe aho kwugururira Imana umutima wiwe. Kubwo akarangamutima k’umuntu, ukwibabaza bifise agaciro gusumvya guheba icaha; ni ikintu coroshe kubabaza umubiri mu kwambara agatima kadukwegera muvy’isi. Umutwaro umutima utaratyororwa wipfuza kwiremeka uraremereye gusumba kwiremeka umutwaro wa Kristo.IB 398.4

Hariho isano rigaragara hagati y’ishengero gatolika ry’i Roma hamwe n’ishengero ry’Abayuda mu gihe Yesu yari yaje kw’isi ubwa mbere. Mu gihe abayuda mw’ibanga bahonyanze ingingo yose y’amabwirizwa y’Imana, baritwararika rwose kwereka abantu ko bashira mu ngiro badaciye I ruhande ivyo yigisha, mu buryo imigenzo n’akamenyero vyabaranga vyatuma ukugamburuka kwabo kuba ikintu kigoye kandi kibaremereye.IB 399.1

Nk’uko Abayuda bibaza ko bubahiriza amabwirizwa, ni ko abayoboke b’ishengero ry’i Roma bavuga ko bubahirirza umusaraba. Baha agaciro ikimenyetso c’imibabaro y’umukiza, mu gihe mu buzima bwabo bahakana ivyo uwo musaraba werekana. Abayoboke ba Papa bashira imisaraba ku nsengero zabo, ku ruhimbi no ku mpuzu bambara. Ahantu hose uhabona ikimenyetso c’umusaraba. Ahantu bose uba uri ni ahantu abantu bawubona bakawubaha kandi bakawuha agaciro. Ariko inyigisho za Kristo zitwikiriwe n’isinzi ry’imigenzo idafise ishingiro, insiguro z’ibinyoma, hamwe n’imihango idahinduka. Amajambo umukiza yavuze ayatumbereza ku bayuda bashigikira ibintu batabanje kurimbura araraba, ku rugero ruhambaye, abarongozi b’ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma. “Kandi bahambira imitwaro iremereye igoye itwara, bakayikoreza abantu ku bitugu ariko ubwabo ntibagomba kuyikozako n’urutoki.”(Matayo23 :4) Imitimanama y’abantu ibohewe mu bwoba bwo gutinya uburake bw’Imana bakoze mu jisho, mu gihe benshi mu bubahwa mw’ishengero babayeho mu musesekara w’ibintu hamwe no mu bihimbara amaso n’umubiri.IB 399.2

Ugusenga amashusho hamwe n’ibisigarira vy’abantu n’ibintu, uguhamagara aberanda, hamwe no gushira hejuru Papa ni ubuhinga Satani akoresha kugira ngo yikwegereko ivyiyumviro vy’abantu, abikure ku Mana no ku Mwana wayo. Kugira ngo ashobore kubahonya, agerageza gukura amaso yabo kuri wa Wundi wenyene agakiza kabonekeramwo. Azotumbereza amaso yabo ku kintu cose arondera gusubiriza wa Wundi yavuze ngo: “Ni muze kuri jewe mwese abananiwe n’abaremerewe ndabaruhura.” ( Matayo 11: 28)IB 399.3

Satani yama yagerageje uko ashoboye kwerekana kamere y’Imana uko itari, akarangamutima k’icaha, hamwe n’ibibazo vy’inkoramutima mu ntambara ihambaye. Akoresheje inyigisho ziwe zidatomoye, aratitura ibisabwa n’amabwirizwa y’Imana akongera agatuma abantu bamogorera mu caha. Ku rundi ruhande, atuma abantu baha agaciro ivyiyumviro atari vyo ku Mana kugira ngo bayirabane ubwoba n’urwanko aho kuyirabana urukundo. Ubugizi bwa nabi buboneka muri kamere yiwe abwegeka ku muremyi; urwanko arwinjiza mu kuntu idini ryubatse kandi akarwerekana mu buryo bwo gusenga. Uko ni ko abantu bahinduka nk’impumyi, ntibashobore kwiyumvira; kandi Satani akabagira ibikoresho vyiwe mu kurwanya Imana. Mu kwerekana ukutari kwo akaranga k’Imana, amahanga y’abapagani yashitse aho yizera gutanga abantu nk’ikimazi kugira ngo Imana ikurabe ryiza; kandi ibibi vy’amarorerwa vyarakozwe hisunzwe inzira zitandukanye zerekeranye no gusenga ibigirwamana.IB 399.4

Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma mu guhuza uburyo bwo gusenga bw’abapagani n’abakristo; kandi hamwe n’ivyo, mu kwerekana kamere y’Imana uko itari nk’abapagani, ryakoresheje uburyo bubi, buteye ubwoba kandi bubabaje. Mu gihe ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ryari rifise ububasha budasanzwe, hariho ibikoresho vyo guhama abantu kugira ngo babagobere bemere inyigisho zabo. Abanka kwifatanya na ryo mu vyo ryemera barabaturira. Harabaye ubwicanyi ku rugero rutazokwigera rumenyekana gushika aho vyose bizohishurirwa mu rubanza. Abubahwa n’ishengero barigishijwe na Satani, umwigisha wabo, kwiyumvira uburyo bokoresha buhambaye kumsha ubundi mu guhama abantu bakaguma mu mubabaro igihe kirekire imbere yo gupfa. Kenshi na kenshi igikorwa co gutoteza umuntu bama bagisubiyemwo gushika naho bitaba bigishoboka ko habaho kwihangana, akarangamutima k’umubiri kakarengerwa, ku buryo uwaba ariko aratotezwa yabona urupfu nk’inyishu ibereye kuri we.IB 399.5

Ivyo vyashikira abahirahira bagahangana n’ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma. Ku bayoboke baryo, ryabatoza indero rikoresheje ikimoko, inzara hamwe n’ivyo vyose bishoboka vyababaza umubiri, bikagwaza umutima. Mu ntumbero yo kwemerwa n’ijuru, barahonyanze amabwirizwa yimana mu guhonyanga ambabwirizwa agenga ibiremwa. Barabigisha gutitura ivy’ Imana yari yarashizeho kugira ngo bitume igihe co kugerera kw’umuntu kw’isi gihezagirwa. Imva zari zuzuyemwo amamiliyoni y’abantu babayeho mu buzima bwabo bagerageza kuraba ingene bonigira mu menshi ivyo umutima wabo ubasaba bibereye ku kiremwa muntu ariko bafata nk’uko ari igitukisha mu maso yimana, iciyumviro cose hamwe n’impuhwe zose bafitiye abandi bantu nka bo.IB 400.1

Nimba twipfuza gutahura ingene Satani yagabiriye gukora ikibi, bikagaragara mu gihe c’imyaka amajana, ntagikorere hagati y’abatarigera babwirwa ivy’Imana ariko akagikorera hagati mu bakristo, nta kindi tworaba atari ukwiga kahise k’ishengero Gatolika ry'i Roma. Biciye muri iyi nyubako idasanzwe y’ikinyoma, umuganwa w’ikibi yarashitse ku ntumbero yiwe yo kuvuga Imana nabi no gukwegera abantu mu marushwa. Kandi turavye ingene yashoboye kwiyorobeka we ubwiwe, maze agashika ku ntumbero yiwe abicishije ku barongozi b’ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma, dushobora guca dutahura neza igituma aterekwa Ivyanditswe. Ku kaba nkako Bibiliya yereka abayisoma urukundo n’imbabazi vyimana; bazobona ko ata mutwaro n’umwe uremereye ibikoreza. Nta kindi kintu isaba uretse ukugira umutima umenetse, wigaya, wicisha bugufi no kugamburuka.IB 400.2

Nta karorero na kamwe Kristo yatweretse mu buzima bwiwe aho yoba yarasavye ngo abagabo canke abagore biyugaranire ahantu mu kigo kugira ngo bashobore kuba abantu babereye ijuru. Ntiyigeze yigisha ko urukundo canke impuhwe bikwiriye kuzibiranywa. Umutima wiwe wari unengesereye urukundo. Uko umuntu agenda yegereza kugira ivyiyumviro bitunganye, ni nako arushirizaho gutahura ibintu n’ibindi, ni nako abona neza icaha ciwe, kandi ni nako impuhwe agirira abandi bagowe ziyongera. Papa yemeza ko ari icariho ca Kristo, ariko none kamere yiwe woyigereranya gute n’iy’umukiza wacu? Mbega hari aho twoba tuzi Yesu yashize abantu mw’ibohero canke ngo abatikize kubera ko banse kumuha icubahiro nk’umwami w’ijuru? Hari igihe ijwi ryiwe ryoba ryarigeze kwumvikana ribacira igihano co gupfa ngo ni uko banse kumwakira? Umusi umwe, igihe abantu bo mu gisagara c’i samariya banka kumuha indaro, intumwa Yohana yarananiwe kuvyihanganira maze arasaba ati: “mugenzi ugomba ko tubarira umuriro ng’utibuke uve mw’ijuru ubayigize nk’uko Eliya yabikoze ?” Yesu yarahindukiye arabakankamira, at’ ‘’erega ntimuzi umutima wanyu uk’usa ; kuk’umwana w’umuntu ataje guhonya ubugingo yaje kubukiza.”(Luka 9:54, 56) Agatima Yesu yerekanye karahushanye rwose n’ak’uwigira ko ari icariho ciwe yerekana.IB 400.3

Muri kino gihe ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ryereka isi urukundo rwiza, kandi amarorerwa ryakoze riyatwikiriza gusaba ikigongwe. Ryiyambitse ubwaryo impuzu za Kristo; ariko ntirirahinduka. Ingingo zose ubupapa bwagenderako muri kahise n’ubu ntiburazivirira. Inyigisho ryihangiye mu bihe vy’umwiza n’ubu riracazubarayeko. Rero ntihagire umuntu n’umwe yihenda. Ubupapa, abaprotestanti ubu biteguye guha icubahiro ni bwo nyene bwatwaye iyi si mu misi y’ubugorozi, igihe abantu b’Imana bahagararira bashikamye, ubuzima bwabo bugeramiwe, kugira ngo berekane ububi bwabo. Buracafise bwa bwibone bwahorana hamwe n’imvugo y’agakengero vyatumye bwishira hejuru y’abami n’abaganwa, maze bwiyitirira akaranga k’Imana. Agatima ko kugira nabi no gutwaza igikenye k’ubupapa ntikarasubira hasi ugereranije n’ukuntu kari kameze igihe bwahonyanga uburenganzira bw’umuntu maze bukamarisha inkota abera b’isumba vyose.IB 401.1

Ico ubupapa buri ubu ni co ubuhanuzi bwerekanye buzoba, ubuhakanyi bwo mu misi ya •nyuma. Ubupapa bukora mu buryo bwereka abantu kamere nziza ituma bushika ku ntumbero zabwo; ariko musi y’uwo mwifato w’ihindagurika nk’iry’uruvoruvo hugaraniye ubumara budahinduka bw’inzoka. “Ntibikenewe ko umuntu aguma kw’ijambo yasezeraniye abigisha inyigisho atari zo, canke abakekwako izo nyigisho;” (Lenfant, volume 1, page 516) ni ko buvuga.) Ubutegetsi nk’ubu, ivyo bwakoze mu myaka igihumbi vyanditswe mu maraso y’aberanda bwavishije, bwokwemerwa gute ubu nk’ishengero rya Kristo?IB 401.2

Rero ntivyari ibintu bidafise ishingiro kubona mu bihugu vy’abaprotestanti havugwa ko ishengero gatolika ritandukanye n’iryo abaprotestanti kuri kahise yonyene. Ni vyo ihinduka ryarahabaye, ariko ubupapa si bwo bwahindutse. Muvyo ukuri, muri kino gihe, hariho isano rikomeye hagati y’ishengero katolika n’ishengero ry’abaprotestanti kubera yuko ubuprotestanti bwarasubiye inyuma cane kuva mu gihe c’ubugorozi.IB 401.3

Ku bwo kurondera kurabwa no kuvugwa neza n’isi kw’amashengero y’abaprotestanti, ukugira neza kutari kwo kwabazaniye uruhumyi. Ibibereye ntabibona. Baribaza nimba ata ciza cova mu kibi. Aho guhaguruka ngo bashingire intahe ukwizera kwahawe aberanda rimwe na rimwe, usanga ahubwo bariko barireshangishwa imbere y’ishengero ry’i Roma kubwo ivyiyumviro bitabereye baba barizingiyeko, barisaba ikigongwe ku bwo amajambo baba baravuze.IB 401.4

Igitigiri kinini c’abantu, mbere harimwo n’abataraba ryiza Ishengero gatolika ry’i Roma, nta kintu gihambaye bazi ku bushobozi no ku bwaku bwaryo. Benshi bavuga yuko ukudatera imbere mu vyo kwegera Imana no mu vyo kumenya ubwenge kwariho mu gihe c’umwiza, kwatumye inyigisho zaryo, ibintazi hamwe n’agahamo bikwiragira vuba hirya no hino; kandi ko ubwenge bwo muri bino bihe vy’iterambere, ukuntu ubumenyi bugenda bugwirirana hose, hamwe n’ingene umwidegemvyo mu vyo ukwemera ugenda wiyongera, bizobuza yuko agatima ko kutihanganirana no kugira nabi kongera kuvyuka. Iciyumviro ico ari co cose cerekana yuko ibintu nk'ivyo bishobora kubaho muri ibi bihe hariho umuco ukwiriye mu bumenyi, kirakengerwa rwose. Ni ivy’ukuri yuko umuco uhambaye mu vyo ubwenge, mu vyo ingendo runtu hamwe no mu vyo ukwemera uriko uramurikira runo runganwe. Mw’ijambo ryera ry’Imana, umuco uvuye mw’ijuru uriko uramunkira iyi si. Ariko birakwiriye yuko abantu bibuka yuko uko hatangwa umuco mwinshi, ni nako umwiza kubatitura umuco bakawanka uba mwinshi.IB 401.5

Ukwiga Bibiliya bifatanijwe no gusenga vyategerezwa kwereka abaprotestanti kamere y’ukuri y’ubupapa kandi kwobateye kubugendera kure mu kwiyubara kwinshi; ariko benshi bigira abanyabwenge rwose ku buryo babona bidakenewe guca bugufi ngo barondere Imana kugira ngo babe borongorwa mu kuri. N’ubwo bishimira ubumenyi bafise, nta kintu cerekeranye n’ubushobozi bw’Imana hamwe n’Ivyanditswe batahura. Bategerezwa kuba bafise ingene borohereza umutimanama wabo, none barondera uburyo butari ubwa Mpwemu kandi butabacisha bugufi mu kubishikako. Ico barondera ni uburyo bokwibagira Imana ariko bakabifata nk’uko boba bariko bayibuka. Ubupapa burabereye cane gushikira ku nyota ivyiyumviro vy’abo bantu. Bwaratunganije imigwi ibiri y’abantu usanga ihurikiwemwo n’ababa kw’isi bose - abiyumvira yuko bakizwa kubwo ibikorwa bakoze, hamwe n’abiyumvira yuko bakirizwa mu vyaha vyabo. Aha ni ho hari ibanga ry’ubushobozi bw’ubupapa.IB 402.1

Igihe c’umwiza n’ubutamenya buhambaye cafashije ubupapa gutera imbere; kahise karavyerekana. Ariko kandi ni ikintu kigaragarira amaso yuko igihe c’umuco n’ukumenya guhambaye na co nyene cafashije kubuteza imbere. Mu bihe vyo hambere, igihe abantu ata jambo ry’Imana bari bafise kandi ata kuri bari bazi, amaso yabo yari ahumye kandi abantu ibihumbi barafatwa kuko batabona imitego Satani yabateze. Muri uru runganwe hariho benshi amaso yabo aborezwa n’ivyiyumviro vy’abantu, “ubumenyi atari bwo”, ntibabona umutego batezwe, maze bakawisukamwo nk’uko boba bagenda bameze nk’impumyi. Imana yategekanije yuko ubushobozi bw’ubwenge bw’umuntu bwofatwa nk’ingabire yahawe n’Umuremyi wiwe kandi ko bukwiriye gukoreshwa mu gikorwa co gitsimbataza ukuri n’ubugororotsi; ariko iyo ukwishira hejuru hamwe n’ukwipfuza bihawe ikibanza ca mbere; hanyuma abantu bagashira hejuru y’ijambo ry’Imana ivyiyumviro vyabo, muri ico gihe, kumenya ubwenge vyokwonona vyinshi kuruta kutabugira. Uko ni ko ubumenyi bupfuye bwo muri kino gihe bwatituye ukwizera kuboneka muri Bibiliya, buzoboneka nk’uko bwagize ico bushikako mu gutegura inzira yo kwemera ubupapa, mw’ishusho yabwo ishimisha abantu, nk’uko ibirori bikozwe mu bwishime vyo mu bihe vy’umwiza vyashitse ku ntumbero nk’iyo.IB 402.2

Ibiriko birabera ubu muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika bijanye no gusabira ibigo hamwe n’ibikorwa vy’ishengero ubufasha butanzwe na Leta, abaprotestanti babifisemwo uruhara bariko barashira amakanda yabo mu y’ubupaba. Mbere igihambaye gusumvya ivyo, bariko barongera kwugururira ubupapa urugi muri Amerika giprotestanti ngo buharonke ikibanza ca mbere bwamaze gutakaza i Buraya. Kandi ikintu gitanga insiguro ihambaye kuri iri hinduka ririko riraba ni uko ikintu gishiiwa imbere y’ibindi ari ukwubahiriza integuro yo gusenga kw’iyinga (Dimanche) - umugenzo ufise inkomoko kw’ishengero ry’i Roma kandi rishingira intahe yuko ari ikimenyetso c’ubushobozi bwaryo. Ni agatima k’ubupapa - agatima ko kwisunga imico y’isi, ukwubahiriza imigenzo y’abantu ukayirutisha amabwirizwa y’Imana - ico ni co kiriko kirinjira mu mashengero y’abaprotestanti maze kikayahimiriza ngo ashire hejuru umusi w’iyinga, awuhe agaciro, nk’uko ubupapa bwabikoze imbere yabo. IB 402.3

Hamwe umusomyi yotahura abazoba ibikoresho mu madidane yimirije gushika, nta kindi yokora atari ugusoma kahise ngo arabe uburyo Ishengero ry’i Roma ryakoresheje mu bihe vyarenganye. Hamwe yomenya ingene abayoboke ba Papa hamwe n’abaprotestanti bishize hamwe bazokwifata imbere y’abo batemera inyigisho zabo; vyomubera akaryo ko kubona agatima Ishengero ry’i Roma ryerekanye rifitiye Isabato hamwe n’abayivugira.IB 403.1

Ingingo zifashwe n’umwami, amanama kaminuza rusangi hamwe n’ingingo z’lshengero zishigikiwe n’ubutware bw’igihugu ni vyo vyabaye intambuko zitandukanye isabukuru y’ubupagani yuririyeko maze ihabwa ikibanza c’icubahiro mu bihugu rukristo. Ingingo rusangi yambere yashize imbere kwubahiriza umusi w’iyinga, ikawuha agaciro ni itegeko ryashinzwe na Constantino (AD 321).Iri tegeko ryasaba abakuru n’abantu bose bo mu gisagara kuruhuka “ku musi wubahwa w’izuba”, ariko rikarekurira abantu bo mu gihugu hagati kubandanya ibikorwa vyabo vyo mu mirima. N’ubwo biboneka ko yari ingingo ifise inkomoko ya gipagani, umwami w’abami yarayihaye ububasha amaze kwemera kwitwa umukristo.IB 403.2

Kubwo kuzirikana yuko iryo tegeko ry’Umwami ritari rihagije ngo ribe ryosubirira itegeko ryimana, Eusebe,umwepisikopi wo mu gisagara ca Cesaree, yarondera kurabwa ryiza n’abatware kandi akaba yari umugenzi adasanzwe n’umusavyi wa Constantino, yashize imbere iciyumviro c’uko Kristo yungururije ikiruhuko c'Isabato ku musi wa mbere: Dimanche. Nta gishingantahe na kimwe co mu Vyanditswe catanzwe ngo gishigikire iyo ngingo nshasha yo kwizerwa. Eusebe ubwiwe atabishaka aremera ko iyo nyigisho ari ikinyoma kandi agatunga agatoke abantu batumye habaho iryo hinduka. Avuga ati: “Ibintu vyose twasabwa gukora ku musi w’lsabato vyungururijwe ku musi w’Umwami” (Robert Cox, Sabbath laws and Sabbath Duties, page 538). Ariko rero ico ciyumviro co guha agaciro umusi wa mbere w’imisi ndwi, n’ubwo ata gaciro cari gifise, carafashije abantu mu gukomantaza imitima yabo maze bahonyanga Isabato y’Uhoraho. Abo bose bipfuza gushimwa n’isi baremeye kwubahiriza iyo sabukuru rurangiranwa.IB 403.3

Uko ubupapa bwarushirije gutsimbatara ni nako igikorwa co gushira hejuru ikiruhuko co ku wa mbere w’imisi ndwi cabandanije. Mu kiringo runaka, abantu baritabiriye ibikorwa vyo mu mirima igihe baba batagiye ku rusengero, kandi umusi w’indwi bawufata ko ari wo Sabato. Ariko buhoro buhoro ihinduka ryarabaye. Abacamanza barababujje kugira urubanza basoma, ku wa mbere w’imisi ndwi, rwerekeranye n’amatati y’ababurana. Inyuma y’aho gatoya, abantu bose, hatarinze kurabwa umurwi barimwo, basabwa guhagarika ibikorwa bisanzwe kugutinya ko abantu bidegemvya bocibwa ihadabu canke abasuku nabo bagakubitwa ibimoko. Mu nyuma itegeko ryarashinzwe y’uko abatunzi bazohanishwa kwakwa ica kabiri c’ivyo batunze; kandi, hamwe bobandanya biyica amatwi ko boshirwa mu buja. Abantu bato bato bo bategerezwa guhanishwa kwangazwa igihe cose.IB 403.4

N’ibitangaza vyarakoreshejwe. Hamwe n’utundi twumiza, vyaravuzwe yuko umurimyi yari yiteguye kuja mu murima ku musi wa mbere w’imisi ndwi kandi akaba yariko aratunganya igikoresho arimisha akoresheje igice c’icuma, yabonye ico cuma ciyomeka ku kiganza ciwe maze akimarana imyaka ibiri, “kugira ngo ababare bikwiye kandi amaramare.” (-Francis West, Historical and Practical Discourse on the Lord’s Day, page 174.)IB 403.5

Mu nyuma, Papa yarerekanye intumbero yokurikirizwa mu gusaba yuko umupatiri muri Paruwasi yohambarira abahonyanga umusi wa mbere(Dimanche) maze akabasaba ahubwo kuja ku rusengero gushikiriza amasengesho yabo, kiretse nimba bashaka kwikwegera no gukwegera ababanyi babo amahano akomeye. Inama nkuru y’ishengero yashize imbere iciyumviro cakoreshejwe hirya no hino kuva ico gihe, mbere n’abaprotestanti, yuko kubera ko abantu bariko barakora kuri uyo musi wa mbere w’indwi bakubiswe n’inkuba, utegerezwa rero kuba ari wo “Sabato”, umusi w’ikiruhuko. Abapatiri bavuze ko “ari ikintu kigaragara ko Imana yerekanye ko yababajwe cane n’abanatu batahaye agaciro uwo musi bakawufata minenerwe. Harabaye rero umuhamagaro ukomeye ku bapatiri n’abandi bakozi b’ishengero, ku bami, ku baganwa, hamwe no ku bantu bose b'abizigirwa kugira ngo bakore uko bashoboye kandi bagire umwitwarariko kugira ngo uwo musi uhabwe iteka, kandi kubwo ineza y’abakristo, uze urushirize kwubahirizwa mu bihe biri imbere (-Thomas Morer, Discourse in Six Dialogues on the Name, Notion, and Observation of the Lord’s Day, page 271)IB 404.1

Ingingo zafashwe n’amanama kaminuza y’ishengero zabonetse ko hari ico zihajije, abategetsi b’igihugu bararondewe kugira ngo basohore itegeko ryotegerezwa gutera ubwoba imitima y’abantu kandi rikababuza kugira igikorwa bakora ku musi wa mbere (Dimanche). Mu nama nkuru y’ishengero yabereye i Roma, ingingo zose zari zarafashwe imbere y’igihe zarasubiwemwo ziremezwa icese, zihabwa ubushobozi. Zarahawe ikibanza zishirwa mu mategeko y’ishengero kandi zihimirizwa n’abatware b’igihugu hafi ya bose mu bihugu ubukristo bwari bwarashinzemwo imizi (See Heylyn, History of the Sabbath, pt. 2, ch. 5, sec. 7.)IB 404.2

Ariko hamwe n’ivyo, ukubona ata Vyanditswe biha ububasha abantu ngo bubahirize umusi wa mbere (Dimanche) ntivyabuze gutera amadidane akomeye. Abantu barabajije abigisha babo ububasha bafise bwo gushira ku ruhande ijambo ritomoye Yehova yavuze “ko umusi ugira indwi ari isabato y’Uhoraho Imana yawe”, mu ntumbero yo kwubahiriza umusi w’izuba. Kubera ko Bibiliya itabishingira intahe, harondewe ibindi vyiyumviro ahandi. Umuntu w’ishaka yari ashigikiye ukwubahiriza umusi wa mbere (Dimanche), yagendeye amashengero yo mu Bwongereza mu mpera y’ikinjana ca cumi na kabiri yahuye n’ivyabona vy’ukuri vyahanganye na we. Abonye ata kintu na kimwe ashitseko, yaciye yihutira gusohoka mu gihugu ajanywe no kurondera izindi ngingo zomufasha gutsimbataza inyigisho ziwe. Amaze kugaruka, ico yari ahajije ubwa mbere yari yakironse, kandi yarakoze biramushimisha. Yaje afise umuzingo avuga ko wavuye mw’ijuru ku Mana ubwayo, warimwo itegeko ryo kwubahiriza umusi wa mbere (Dimanche), hamwe n’iterabwoba rikomeye kuri abo bose batazogamburuka. Uyo muzingo w’agaciro kadasanzwe - wo ubwawo wari ikinyoma nk’uko n’lshengero ryawiyitirira ryari ikinyoma - bavuga ko wakorotse uva mw’ijuru, maze bakawutora i Yerusalemu, ku ruhimbi mu rusengero rwitirirwa Simiyoni mweranda, i Gologota. Ariko mu bisanzwe, wari watunganirijwe ku kirimba kwa Papa, i Roma. Igihe cose, uburongozi bw’ubupapa bwakoresheje ibintu bibera mu kinyegero hamwe n’ikinyoma kugira ngo bushigikire ubushobozi hamwe n’iterambere ry’ishengero.IB 404.3

Uwo muzingo werekana ko igikorwa cose gitegerezwa guhera kw’isaha y’icenda, kw’Isabato ku muhingamo, gushika izuba rirenze ku wa mbere (Dimanche), kandi ubushobozi bwawo bavuga ko bwagaragajwe n’ibitangaza vyinshi. Haramenyeshejwe ko abantu bakoze inyuma y’ayo masaha yari yagenywe bafashwe n'ubumuga. Umuntu yakoresha imashini isya agerageje gusya ibigori yari afise, aho kubona ifu ari yo isohoka mu mashini, yabonye umuvo w’amaraso; kandi urusyo rwaciye ruhagarara n’aho hariho amazi menshi yo kuruzungurutsa. Umugore yari yashize umukate mw’iyokerezo yawukuyeyo udahiye n’ubwo iryo yokerezo ryari rishushe cane. Uwundi nawe nyene yari yiteguye gushira umukate mw’iyokerezo kw’isabato, igihe c’isaha icenda, ariko akaba yari yahavuye yigira inama yo kurindira gushika ku musi wa kabiri w'Isabato (Lundi), yasanze bukeye bwaho, kubwo ubushobozi bw'Imana wahiye. Umugabo umwe yari yashize umukate mw’iyokerezo inyuma y’isaha icenda z’umuhingamo kw’Isabato, awumanyaguye bukeye bwaho, yabonye uvamwo amaraso. Izo nkuru zidafise umutwe n’amaguru ni iz’indemano z’ibintazi, ni vyo abashigikira ugusenga ku musi wa mbere w’indwi (Dimanche) buririyeko ngo berekanle ubweranda bwawo (See Roger de Hoveden, Annals, vol. 2, pp. 526-530.)IB 404.4

Muri Ecosse hamwe no mu Bwongereza, bahavuye baha agaciro umusi wa mbere w’indwi mu kuwomekerako igice kimwe c’Isabato yo hambere. Ariko ikiringo c’umwanya categerezwa gufatwa nk'iceranda cagenda kirahindagurika. Itegeko ryatanzwe n’Umwami wa Ecosse ryavuga ko “kuva isaha zitandatu zo ku musi w’Isabato, umusi w’ndwi, ico kiringo gikwiriye gufatwa nk’icera”, kandi nta muntu, kuva ico gihe gushika ku musi wa kabiri w’Isabato mu gatondo, yari akwiriye kwisuka mu bikorwa vy’iyi si.(Morer, pages 290, 291.)IB 405.1

N’ubwo bakoze uko bashoboye kugira ngo berekane ubweranda bw’umusi wa mbere mu ndwi(Dimanche), abayoboke b’ubupapa ubwabo baratangaza icese ko ubutware bw’Isabato bufsie inkomoko ku Mana kandi ko umusi basubirije Isabato washinzwe n’ubushobozi bw’umuntu. Mu kinjana ca cumi na gatandatu, Papa yashikirije icese iyi ngingo ku buryo bwuzuye avuga ati: “Abakristo bose ni bibuke yuko umusi w’indwi washinzwe kandi ugaterwa iteka n’lmana, kandi yuko wakiriwe ukanubahirizwa, uretse abayuda bonyene, ahubwo n’abantu bose bavuga ko basenga Imana, naho twebwe abakristo, twahinduye Isabato yabo mu musi w’Umwami” (Ibid., pages 281, 282) Abariko barakinisha ibwirizwa ry’Imana ntibari bayobewe ukuntu ivyo bariko barakora vyari biteye ubwoba. N’ibigirankana bariko barishira hejuru y’Imana.IB 405.2

Akarorero gateye ubwoba kerekana ingene Ishengero ry’i Roma ryankirije abatemeye inyigisho zaryo kabonekera mu gahamo k’igihe kirekire kamenye amaraso y’Abawalidensi, bamwe muri bo bakaba bubahiriza Isabato. Abandi nabo barahuye n’ingorane zisa nk’izo kubwo kugamburuka bakubahiriza ibwirizwa rya kane. Kahise k’amashengero yo muri Etiyopiya no muri Abyssiniya gafise insiguro idasanzwe. Hagati y’umuzitanya w’ibihe vy’umwiza, abakristo bo muri Afrika yo hagati bari bibagiranye, isi ntiyabibuka; kandi mu binjana vyinshi, babayeho mu mwidegemvyo bagendera ukwizera kwabo. Ariko impera n’imperuka, Ishengero gatolika ry’i Roma ryaramenye ko bariho, maze umwami w’abami w’i Abyssiniya bidatevye, yagoberewe kwemera ko Papa ari icariho ca Kristo. Iyo yabaye intango y’ubundi bugome bwinshi bwakurikiye hanyuma. Itegeko ryarashinzwe ribuza kwubahiriza umusi w'Isabato ku buryo ibihano ruhasha vyari bitegekanijwe ku muntu yorirengako (See Michael Geddes, Church History of Ethiopia, pages 311,312.) Ariko bidatevye, intwaro y’agahotoro ya Papa yabereye abantu b’i Abyssiniya umutwaro bitari bigikunda ko biremeka, ku buryo bafashe ingingo yo kuwikura ku gakanu. Inyuma y’urugamba rukomeye, abayoboke ba Papa barirukanywe muri ako karere, maze ukwizera abantu b’i Abyssniya bahorana kwongera guhabwa agaciro. Amashengero yanejerejwe n’uko asubiranye umwidegemvyo yahorana, kandi ntiyigeze yibagira icigwa yakuye ku bubeshi, gushigikira ibintu hatabayeho ukurimbura hamwe n’ubutware bw’igikenye bwa Roma. Mu bwami barimwo biherereye, bashimishijwe no kwibera ng’aho batazwi n’abandi bakristo.IB 405.3

Amashengero yo muri Afrika yubahiriza Isabato nk’uko Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ryayubahiriza imbere y’uko riva mu vyizerwa. Mu gihe baruhuka umusi w’indwi mu kwubahiriza ibwirizwa rya kane ryimana, baririnda kugira ico bakora ku wa mbere w’imisi ndwi(Dimanche) kugira ngo ntibahushane n’umugenzo w’ishengero. Ishengero gatolika ry’i Roma rimaze kuronka ubushobozi buhambaye, ryakandagiye Isabato yimana maze ryishiriraho umusi w’ikiruhuko ryishakiye; ariko amashengero yo muri Afrika yabayeho atamenyekana hafi imyaka igihumbi, ntiyifatanije naryo muri ubwo buhakanyi. Mu gihe bari bagiye musi y’uburongozi bwishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma; baragoberewe ngo bashire ku ruhande ukuri maze bashire hejuru umusi w’ikiruhuko washizweho n’abantu; ariko bidatevye barasubiranye umwidegemvyo bahorana maze bongera kwubahiriza ibwirizwa rya kane ryimana.IB 406.1

Aya mateka y’ivyo muri kahise arerekana ku buryo bugaragara urwanko Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ryari rifitiye Isabato y’ukuri hamwe n’abayemera, bakayiruhuka, bakayihagararira; hamwe n’uburyo ryakoresheje kugira ngo ryubahirize kandi ritere iteka umusi w’ikiruhuko ryashizeho. Ijambo ryimana ryigisha yuko ibintu nk’ibi bizokwongera kubaho uko abagatolika n’abaprotestanti bazogenda bifatanya kugira ngo bashire hejuru umusi w’iyinga.IB 406.2

Ubuhanuzi bw’igice ca 13 c'Ivyahisuriwe Yohana buvuga yuko ubutware bugereranywa n’igikoko gifise amahembe nk’ayo umwagazi w’intama “buzotegeka isi n’abayibamwo “gusenga ubupapa bugereranywa muri ico gice n’igikoko kimeze nk’ingwe ” Igikoko gifise amahembe abiri kizobwira kandi “ababa kw’isi gukora igishushanyo ca ca gikoko” kandi hamwe n’ivyo “Kigera ko bose, aboroshe n’abahambaye, n’abatunzi n’aboro, n’abidegemvya n’abagurano, bashirwakw’ik imenyetso.”(Ivyahishuriwe Yohana 13: 11-16) Vyarerekanywe yuko Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ari bwo butegetsi bugereranywa n’igikoko gifise amahembe nk’ayo umwagazi w’intama, kandi yuko ubwo buhanuzi buzoba bushitse igihe Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zizoshiraho itegeko ryo kwubahiriza umusi wa mbere(Dimanche), uwo Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ribonamwo ikimenyamenya kidasanzwe c’ububasha buhambaye rifise. Ariko rero muri uko gushigikira ubupapa, Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ntizizoba ari zonyene. Ubwaku bwishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ku bihugu vyigeze gushigikira ubutware bwaryo ntiburagera aho busambuka burundu. Ubuhanuzi bwaramenyesheje imbere y’igihe ko ubutware bwaryo buzokwongera gusubizwa ijambo: “Muri ya mitwe yaco mbonamwo umwe usa n’ukomeretse akagirire: uruguma rwocishe rurakira. Isi yose ikurikira ico gikoko bagitangarira.”(Ivyahishuriwe Yohana 13: 3). Uruguma rukomeye rwabonetse rwerekana ingene ubupapa bwafashwe mpiri mu mwaka w’1798. Inyuma y’aho, ni ko umuhanuzi avuga “Uruguma rwocishe rurakira. Isi yose ikurikira ico gikoko bagitangarira.” Paulo aratangaza icese yuko “umuntu w’umugarariji” azoba ariho gushika igihe Yesu azogarukira. Gushika kw’iherezo rya nyuma ry’igihe, azobandanya ashira imbere igikorwa c’ububeshi. Intumwa Yohana yerekana ivy’ubupapa aravuga ati: “Kandi ababa kw’isi bose bazogisenga, umuntu wese atanditswe izina mu gitabo c’ubugingo.”(Ivyahishuriwe Yohana 13: 8) Haba i Buraya canke muri Amerika, ubupapa buzokomerwa amashi ku bwo iteka bwateye umusi wa mbere nk’ikiruhuko, iteka ata handi rishingiye atari ku butegetsi bw’Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma.IB 406.3

Guhera mu kinjana ca cumi n’icenda kigeze hagati, abiga ubuhanuzi muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika barashingiye iyi ntahe isi. Mu bintu biriko birashika ubu haraboneka ko ivyahanuwe bigenda binyaruka gushika. Abigisha b’abaprotestanti nabo baremeza ko ari ibwirizwa ry’Imana ko umusi wa mbere w’imisi ndwi wokwubahirizwa, bakabikora ata vyanditswe bafise bibashigikira, nk’uko abarongozi b’ubupapa bigeneye ibitangaza kugira ngo baronke ico basubiriza mu kibanza c’ibwirizwa ry’Imana. Iciyumviro bishimikiza yuko ibihano vy’Imana bishika ku bantu ku bwo gukandagira ikiruhuko co ku wa mbere w’imisi ndwi kizokwongera gisubirwemwo; mbere caratanguye kuvugwa. Ingingo yo guhimiriza ikiruhuko co ku wa mbere w’imisi ndwi igenda irushaho gutsimbatazwa hirya no hino.IB 407.1

Ukwiyorobeka n’ugukorera mw’ibanga ni akaranga k’lshengero Gatolika ry’i Roma. Rifise ukuntu ryiyumvira rikabona hakiri kare ibizoba. Rirafata umwanya waryo, iyo ribona amashengero y’abaprotestanti ariha icubahiro mu kwemera Isabato atari yo kandi akaba ariko yitegurira kuyubahiriza akoresheje nyene uburyo Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ryakoresheje muri iyo misi yarenganye. Abo bose batakira umuco w’ukuri bazorondera ubufasha bw’ubu bushobozi bwiyerekana ko butihenda mu guha agaciro no mu gushigikira umusi w’ikiruhuko bwishiriyeho bwonyene. Ni ikintu coroshe kwiyumvira ingene ubwo bushobozi buzokwihutira gufasha abaprotestanti muri ico gikorwa. Ni nde yoba atahura neza gusumvya abarongozi b'ubupapa ingene abatagamburukira ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma bofatwa?IB 407.2

Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma, hamwe n’amashengero yaryo yose aho ari muri iyi si, rigize ishirahamwe rimwe rigenzurwa, kandi rijejwe kwitwararika inyungu z’ubupapa. Mu bihugu vyose vyo kuri iyi si, abayoboke baryo amamiliyoni n’amamiliyoni, bigishwa yuko bategerezwa kwiyumvamwo ukwubaha no kugamburukira Papa. Igihugu bavamwo ico ari co cose canke abatware abo ari bo bose, bakwiriye kubona ko ubutegetsi bw’Ishengero buri hejuru y’ibintu vyose. Naho vyoshika bakarahira berekana ko bazogamburukira igihugu, ariko inyuma y’iyo ndahiro haba hariho isezerano ryo kugamburukira Ishengero, rituma bashobora kwirahuruza mu gihe hariho ingorane zituma inyungu z’lshengero ry’i Roma zibangamirwa.IB 407.3

Amateka yo muri kahise arerekana ingene Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ryakoze uko rishoboye mu kwama ryagize utwigoro kandi rikabikorana ubukerebutsi mu kugira uruhara mu mabanga y’ibihugu, kandi kubwo kuba rironse ikibanza rikoreramwo, ryitwararitse inyungu zaryo n’aho abanyagihugu canke abatware babo bohageserera. Mu mwaka w’1204, Papa Innocent wa III yasokoroje Petero wa II, umwami w’Aragon, iyi ndahiro idasanzwe ikurikira: “Jewe Petero, umwami w’abanyagihugu ca Aragon, ndemeye kandi ndasezeranye ko nzokwama ngamburukira kandi nkubaha umwami wanje, Papa Innocent, abandi bagatolika bazomusubirira, Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma, kandi mu bwizigirwa nkakingira ubwami bwanje mu kuntu buzokwama bwubaha, bugashikira ukwizera gatolika, bugahama inyigisho z’ibinyoma nk’akaranda.” (John Dowling, The History of Romanism, b. 5, ch. 6, sec.) Ibi bifitaniye isano n’ivyo bavuga umurongozi wo hejuru w’lshengero Gatolika ashira imbere “ko biri mu mabanga ajejwe yo gukura ku butware abami b’abami ” kandi ko “ashobora gutezurira abantu amasezerano baba bagiranye n’abatware babarenganya” (Mosheim, b. 3, cent. 11, pt. 2, ch. 2, sec. 9, note 17.)IB 407.4

Kandi hakuriye kwibukwa yuko Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ryishimira yuko ntazokwigera rihinduka. Ingingo ngenderwako za Papa Gregoire w’VII hamwe na Papa Innocent wa III ni zo Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma rikigenderako. Kandi iyaba ryari ribifitiye ubushobozi ryozishize mu ngiro rikoresheje ishaka ryinshi kuruta uko vyari bimeze mu binjana vyahise. Abaprotestanti nta kintu kinini bazi cerekeranye n’ivyo boba bariko barakora iyo bigira inama yo kwemera ubufasha bw’ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma mu gikorwa co gushigikira ikiruhuko co ku musi wa mbere w'imisi indwi.Mu gihe bo baba bariko bitwararika gushika ku ntumbero bihaye, Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ryo riba ririko rirarondera kwongera gutsimbataza ubutware bwaryo, kwongera gusubirana ubushobozi ryatakaje. Hamwe Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zokwemera gushiraho ingingo yuko Ishengero rishobora gukoresha canke rikagenzura ububasha bw’intwaro y’igihugu, zikemera yuko ibijanye n’ivyo kwubahiriza mw’idini bishirwa mu mategeko agenga igihugu; mu majambo make, ko ubutegetsi bw’ishengero n’ubw’igihugu bukwiriye kuganza umutimanama w’umuntu, intsinzi y’lshengero Gatolika ry’i Roma muri kino gihugu izoba ibonetse.IB 408.1

Ijambo ry’Imana ryaramaze gutanga imburi kuri ako kaga katugeramiye, mu gihe iyo mburi izoba itazirikanywe, abaprotestanti bazokwibonera rero kandi batahure neza na neza imigambi n’imigabo y’lshengero ry’i Roma iyo ari yo, ariko gusa hazoba haramaze kurengerana, batagishobora gusimba umutego. Mu gacerere ntangere, Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ririko ririyungunganya ryiyongereza ubushobozi. Inyigisho zaryo ziriko ziranyengetera zigira ubwaku mu makoraniro y’abashingamateka, mu mashengero hamwe no mu mitima y’abantu. Rirahagarika inyubakwa zaryo z’amahero kandi ziteye igomwe, rikazidugiriza ku vyumba biteguwe mw’ibanga ahazokwongera kubera agahamo nk’akabonetse mu bihe vya kera. Ata muntu n’umwe abiciye ikanda, mw’ibanga ridasanzwe, ririko riregeranya ibirwanishwa vyaryo, ririko rirashira hamwe inguvu zaryo, kugira ngo ryitegurire igihe caryo c’iherezo aho rizoba ritegerezwa kuzikoresha. Ico ryipfuza si ikindi atari uko rironka akaryo, kandi ryaramaze kugahabwa: Bidatevye tuzobona kandi tuzokwumva intumbero y’lshengero ry’i Roma iyo ari yo. Uwo wese azokwizera kandi akubaha ijambo ry’Imana azoshikirwa n’ubumaramare hamwe n ‘agahamo atewe n’Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma IB 408.2