Ikigabane Ca 6 - Huss Na Jerome

Ubutumwa bwiza bwashinze imizi muri Bohemiya hakiri kare mu kinjana c’icenda. Bibiliya yari yashizwe mu rurimi kavukire kandi integuro zo gusenga zatunganywa mu rurimi abanyagihugu bumva kandi basanzwe bavuga. Ariko uko ubushobozi bw’ubupapa bwagenda bwiyongera, ni nako ijambo ry’Imana ryagenda ryibagirana. Papa Gregori w’indwi yari yasanzwe yihaye inshingano yo gucisha bugufi ubwibone bw’abami baganza ibihugu, ntiyari yashize inyuma na gato no gukwegera abanyagihugu mu buja. Yaciye asohora urwandiko rwihaniza ko habaho integuro zo gusenga zitunganijwe mu rurimi kavukire rw’i Bohemiya. Yatangaje icese yuko: “Ushobora vyose anezerezwa no kubona abantu bamusenga mu rurimi rutazwi, rutamenyerewe; kandi ko ibibi vyinshi hamwe n’inyigisho z’ibinyoma vyongerekanye kubwo kudakurikiza iri tegeko”. (Wylie, b. 3, ch. 1) Uko ni ko ishengero ry’i Roma ryashinze ko umuco w’ijambo ry’Imana wozimangana abantu bakugaranirwa mu mwiza. Ariko ijuru ryari ryategekanije izindi ntumwa zo gukingira ishengero. Kubwo itotezwa rikomeye, aba Walidensi benshi hamwe n’aba Alibigensi bari bahunze ingo zabo mu Bufaransa hamwe no mu Butaliyano maze baja i Bohemiya. Nubwo birinda kwigisha ku mugaragaro, bakorana ishaka mw’ibanga. Uko niko ukwizera nyakuri kwakingiwe uko urunganwe rwagiye rurakurikirana.IB 71.3

Imbere y’uko Huss atangura kwigisha, hariho abantu i Bohemiya bahagurutse batunga icese urutoke ugutituka kw’imico hamwe n’ukwigenza ukutari kwo kw’abantu mw’ishengero. Umwitwarariko wabo wari watumye habaho umuvyuro ukomeye mu bantu. Ivyo vyari vyaciye ivutu uburongozi bw’ishengero maze bica bigomororera agahamo ku bigishwa bose b’Ubutumwa bwiza. Ntibari bagisengera aheru, barinyegeza mu misozi no mu mashamba, ariko ivyo ntivyabuza ko abasoda babasangayo, bakabahiga kandi benshi bakabica. Hashize igihe, itegeko ryarashinzwe y’uko abo bose batagisenga nk’uko ishengero ry’i Roma ryabitegekanije bakwiriye kwicwa baturiwe. Ariko mu gihe abakristo bemera gutanga ubuzima bwabo, babona imbere intsinzi y’ukwemera kwabo. Umwe muri abo bigisha yuko “agakiza ata handi kabonerwa uretse mu kwizera Umwami yabambwe”, igihe yariko arapfa, yashikirije aya majambo akurikira: “ububisha bw’abansi b’ukuri ubu buratugeramiye, ariko ntibizokwama uku ibihe vyose; hategerezwa kuzohaguruka umwe mu bantu basanzwe, atitwaje inkota canke ubutware kandi nta muntu azoshobora kumugonda”(Ibid.b.3, ch.l). Igihe ca Luther cari kikiri kure cane, ariko umuntu umwe yagize ivyo avuga kw’ishengero ry’i Roma yari yamaze guhaguruka kandi igishingantahe ciwe catangaje amahanga.IB 72.1

Amamuko ya Yohana Huss yari asanzwe. Yari umwana w’impfuvyi kuko yabuze seIB 72.2

hakiri kare. Umuvyeyi yari asigaranye yaraha agaciro kadasanzwe ishure hamwe no gutinya Imana maze akabifata nk’itunga riruta ibindi bintu vyose. Yiyemeje kuronderera iryo tunga umwana wiwe. Yohana Huss yigiye mw’ishure ryo ku ntara, hanyuma arunguruza aja muri kaminuza yo ku murwa mukuru, Prague, maze bamwakira nka ntahonikora, araheza yigira ku buntu. Aho yaja kwiga muri iyo kaminuza, nyina yaramuherekeje. Yari asanzwe akenye kandi ari umupfakazi, nta ngabirano zo mu butunzi bw’isi yari afise ngo ashobore kuba yofashisha umwana wiwe. Ariko mu gihe bariko baregereza ico gisagara, yapfukamye hambavu y’uyo mwana atakigira se maze amusabira imigisha ya Data wo mw’ijuru. Uwo muvyeyi ntiyari azi kanini ingene isengesho ryiwe rizokwishurwa.IB 72.3

Ari kuri iyo kaminuza, Yohana Huss yarerekanye ubudasa kubwo umwete yari afise wo gukora hamwe no gutera imbere vuba na vuba, mu gihe ubuzima bwiwe butagira umugayo hamwe n’ubugwaneza yerekana, vyamuteye gukundwa n’abantu bose. Yari umunywanyi abushitse w’ishengero ry’i Roma kandi yaronderana ishaka imigisha mu vya Mpwemu ishengero ryavuga ko ritanga. Igihe kimwe habaye iyubire maze aja kwirega, atanga ibiceri yari asigaranye, afatanya n’abandi urugendo kugira ngo aronke impongano yasezeraniwe. Amaze kurangiza amashure yo hejuru, yaciye yinjira mu gipatiri kandi ntiyateba kuzezwa amabanga akomeye. Yaciye yizigirwa hadaciye igihe kirekire maze agenwa gukorera ku kirimba i bwami. Baranamugize n’umwigisha hanyuma mbere bamuzeza amabanga yo kuyobora iyo kaminuza yari yarizeko. Mu myaka mikeya gusa, wa munyeshure asanzwe, ntahonikora, yari yahindutse uwo igihugu cishimira kandi izina ryiwe ryari ryabaye rurangiranwa i Buraya hose.IB 72.4

Ariko Yohana Huss yahavuye atanguza igikorwa c’ubugorozi c’urundi rwego. Haheze imyaka myinshi amaze guhabwa ubupatiri, yaragenywe kugira ngo azokwame asigura mu rusengero rw’i Betelehemu. Nyene gutanguza urwo rusengero yari yasavye ashimitse ko insiguro zerekeranye n’ijambo ry’Imana zoshikirizwa mu rurimi abantu bumva. N’ubwo ishengero ry’i Roma ryari ryariyamirije bene ubwo buryo bwo gukora, ntivyari vyarubahirijwe muri Bohemiya yose. Ariko Bibiliya yari yaribagiranye ku buryo buteye ubwoba. Ububegito budasanzwe bwari bwaratse indaro mu bantu bo ku nzego zose. Ubwo bubegito nibwo Yohana Huss yatunze urutoke atiziganije, ahamagarira abantu kuzirikana ijambo ry’Imana ryo nkingi y’inshingano z’ukuri hamwe n’ubweranda rimenyekanisha.IB 73.1

Umunyagihugu umwe wo mu gisagara c’i Prague, yitwa Jerome, yahavuye aba umwishikira kwa Yohana Huss, yari yakuye mu Bwongereza inyandiko za Yohana Wycliffe . Umwamikazi w’Ubwongereza yari yaremeye inyigisho za Yohana Wycliffe yari asanzwe afise amamuko i Bohemiya. Kubwo ubwaku bwiwe ku banyagihugu b’i Bohemiya, inyandiko zerekeranye n’ubugorozi zari zarakwiragijwe muri ico gihugu cose. Yohana Huss yasomanye igishika izo nyandiko. Yabonye ko nyene kuzandika ari umukristo w’umwizigirwa maze aca yitwararika igikorwa c’ubugorozi yigisha. N’aho atari abizi, Yohana Huss yari ahejeje gufata inzira yamujana kure y’ishengero ry’i Roma.IB 73.2

Muri ico gihe nyene, hariho abantu babiri b’incabwenge bari bavuye mu Bwongereza baza i Prague; abo bantu bari barakiriye uwo muco kandi bari baje kuwukwiragiza muri ico gihugu ca kure. Kubera yuko batatevye kwifatira mu gahanga ukwishira hejuru kw’ubupapa, abategetsi b’igihugu baciye babibona hakiri kare bababuza kwigisha. Ariko kubera yuko batari gushobora guhagarika icari cabazanye; baciye barondera ubundi buryo bokwumvikanisha ijwi ryabo. Bari basanzwe ari abasiguzi ariko kandi ari n’abahinga mu vyo gucapa: iyo mpano Imana yabahaye ni yo baciye bikorako. Mu kibanza cari ng’aho cahuriramwo abantu bose, bahacapuye amashusho abiri. Ishusho imwe yerekana Yesu yinjira i Yerusalemu, “ata rwamo atera, agendera ku ndogoba” (Matayo 21:5) kandi abigishwa biwe bamukurikiye bambaye impuzu zibayabaye kandi bari ku maguru, ata birato bambaye. Mu kindi gicapo, berekanye urugendo rwa Papa. Uwo mwepisikopi mukuru ni we yaza imbere y’abandi, yisakaye imyambaro y’igiciro kinini kandi afise ku mutwe ingori zitatu, agendera ku gitwazi basharije neza; abavuzi b’inzamba ni bo bamuza imbere maze agakurikirwa n’ibisongerezi vyiwe hamwe n’abandi banyacubahiro mw’ishengero, bambaye ku rugero rwo hejuru.IB 73.3

Ibi bicapo vyatumye abantu bose bashitse aho hantu bagahagarara bakabiraba, kuko vyarimwo insiguro ikomeye. Abanyagihugu bavuye hirya no hino baraje kuraba ayo mashusho. Nta n’umwe atahakura icigwa kandi benshi batangajwe n’ubudasa bwaboneka hagati y’ugutekereza n’uguca bugufi kwa Kristo, Umwigisha; hamwe n’ukwishira hejuru kw’ubupapa kandi buvuga ko ari we bubereye umusuku. Ivyo bicapo vyatumye abantu bashwabaduka, babwirana iyo nkuru, maze haba uruja n’uruza rudahera rw’abantu. Za ngenzi zaciye zibona ko bibereye ko zikingira ubuzima bwazo, zica ziriyombokera. Ariko rero icigwa zari zisize zitanze nticari ico kwibagirana. Yohana Huss yariyumviriye cane kuri ivyo bicapo maze bimurongora gusoma Bibiliya hamwe n’inyandiko za Yohana Wycliffe. Nubwo atari asanzwe yiteguye kuba yoca yemera inyigisho zose z’Ubugorozi Wycliffe yashingiye intahe, vyamushoboje kubona neza ata gipfungu kimutwikiriye kamere nyezina y’ubupapa; maze aca atunga urutoke, n’ishaka ryinshi, ubwibone, uguhahamira ibintu hamwe no gutitura imico kw’abarongozi b’ishengero.IB 73.4

Umuco warakayanganye uhereye i Bohemiya ushika mu Budagi kuko imigumuko yabaye muri Kaminuza y’i Prague yatumye abanyeshure b’abadagi amajana atari make baheba ivyigwa. Benshi muri bo ubumenyi bwa mbere bari bafise muri Bibiliya babukesha Yohana Huss; rero bamaze gushika i wabo baciye bakwiza inkuru nziza mu ntara bavamwo.IB 74.1

Inkuru z’ivyariko birabera muri Kaminuza y’i Prague zimaze gushikira abarongozi b’ishengero i Roma, Yohana Huss yaciye asabwa kurenguka imbere ya Papa. Kugamburuka akitaba i Roma kwari ukwishora mu rupfu. Umwami n’umwamikazi wiwe i Bohemiya, abategetsi ba kaminuza, abandi banyacubahiro hamwe n’abatware mu gihugu bakoranira hamwe, bapfundika y’uko basaba uwo mutegetsi w’ishengero i Roma ko yotezurira Yohana Huss akaguma i Prague ariko akarungika umuntu amuserukira i Roma. Aho kuzirikana ico gisabo bari bamushikirije, uwo mu Papa yihutiye gucira Yohana Huss urubanza, amucirako iteka maze amenyesha ko igisagara ca Prague gihariwe ivomo.IB 74.2

Ico gihe, urubanza nk’uru aho rwaba rusomewe hose rwatera abantu ubwoba. Ikurikizwa ry’urubanza nk’uru cari ikintu gitera ubwoba butagira izina abantu bari basanzwe babona Papa nk’icariho c’Imana ubwayo, afise imfunguzo zo mw’ijuru n’iz’ikuzimu, kandi afise ubushobozi bwo kugomorera ku muntu ibihano mu vyo ubuzima busanzwe no mu vya Mpwemu. Abantu bari basanzwe bizera yuko akarere gahariwe ivomo kaba kugariwe imiryango y’ijuru; kandi ko Papa ataratezurira ako karere ngo agakureko ico gihano, abapfuye baca baguma hanze y’aho baruhukira. Nk’ikimenyetso c’uko ibi vyago bidasanzwe vyaba vyateye, haca hahagarikwa integuro zose zijanye no gusenga muri ako karere. Insengero zaca zugara. Abubakana babaraganishiriza mw’itongo ry’abapfuye. Abapfuye ntibaba bakibahambana iteka mu bibanza vyateguriwe ico gikorwa; babashingura mu binogo canke mu mirima nk’uko babonye, ata mihango barinze kubagirira. Izo nizo ngingo ishengero ry’i Roma ryari ryabohesheje ivyiyumviro vy’abantu kugira ngo rigenzure umutimanama wabo.IB 74.3

Igisagara c’i Prague cari cuzuye amaganya. Umurwi munini w’abantu bagirije Yohana Huss ko ariwe yabakwegeye ivyago vyari bibashikiye maze basaba ko ishengero ry’i Roma ryomukoresha ico rishaka. Kugira ngo ico gihuhusi gihagarare, uyo mugorozi yabanje gukinjura asubira ku gatumba aho yavukiye. Abagenzi biwe yari yasize mu gisagara i Prague yabandikiye ati : « Nimba mubona nkinjuye nkava muri mwebwe ni ukugira ngo nkurikize itegeko n’akarorero ka Yesu Kristo, kugira ngo sintume abantu bafise ingorane mu mutima bicirako iteka ry’ibihe vyose ; kandi ni no kugira ngo sinkwegere amarushwa n’agahamo abantu b’intungane. Nabaye ndikinga kugira ngo simpe akabero abapatiri bagira nabi ngo babandanye babuze abantu gusigura ijambo ry’Imana hagati muri mwebwe ; ariko sinabasize mwenyene ngo ni uko mpakana ukuri kw’Imana, niteguriye kubwo gufashwa nayo, no kuba nokuzira (Bonnechose, The Reformers before the Reformation, vol 1, p.87). Yohana Huss ntiyahagaritse inshingano yari yiyemeje ; yateguye ingendo mu bihugu bibanyi maze akama abwira ijambo ry’Imana abantu banyotewe kumwumviriza. Uko ni ko ingingo Papa yari yiyumviye gukoresha ngo abuze ubutumwa kwamamazwa hose zatumye bumenyekana hirya no hino ku buryo bwagutse. « Kuko tudashobora kurwanya ukuri, ariko duherereye mu ruhande rw’ukuri»(2 Ab’i Korinto 13:8)IB 74.4

Muri iki kiringo, vyaraboneka yuko mu vyiyumviro vya Yohana Huss hariyo intambara ikomeye. Nubwo ishengero ryariko rirondera kumuzimanganisha inkuba zaryo z’agahamo, ntiyari bwashike aho atemera ubutegetsi bwaryo. Kuri we ishengero ry’i Roma ryari rikiri rya rindi : Umugeni wa Kristo ; kandi Papa yari uwuserukira hamwe n’icariho c’lmana. Ico Yohana Huss atashigikira kwari ugukoresha nabi ubwo butegetsi aho kurwanya iciyumviro kibushingira intahe. Ibi rero vyamukururiye amadidane akomeye hagati y’ukuntu atahura ivyo yemera hamwe n’ivyo umutimanama wiwe umusaba. Nimba ubwo butware bw’ubupapa kwari ukuri kandi butihenda, none vyari vyashitse gute ngo yumve agoberewe kutabwumvira ? Nk’uko yabibona, ukubugamburukira cari igicumuro ; none ni kuki kugamburukira ishengero ritihenda vyashikana muri iyo nzira ? Iyi yari ingorane atashobora gutorera umuti; aya ni yo makenga yahorana ku mwanya ku mwanya. Mu nyuma yahavuye atahura yuko ahanganye n’ikibazo cigeze gushika mu gihe c’umukiza, aho abaherezi b’ishengero bari bahindutse abantu bagira nabi maze bagakoresha ububasha bahabwa n’itegeko kwironkera inyugu zitisunze amategeko. Ibi vyatumye afata ingingo y’ingendo yaranga ubuzima bwiwe ku giti ciwe kandi ashima no kuyisangira n’abandi. Iyo ngendo nayo kwari uko dukwiye kureka amabwirizwa hamwe n’ivyashinzwe mu Vyanditswe, dushikanwako no gutahura, akaba ari vyo birongora umutimanama wacu. Mu yandi majambo ijwi ry’Imana ryumvikanira muri Bibiliya, ni ryo murongozi wenyene atihenda, si ijwi ry’ishengero ryumvikanira mu ba Patiri baryo (Wylie, b. 3, ch. 2).IB 75.1

Haheze igihe ibintu vyarasubiye mu buryo i Prague. Yohana Huss yaciye nawe asubira mw’ishengero yahozemwo ry’i Betelelhemu maze abandanya gusigura ijambo ry’Imana afise ishaka n’umwete mwinshi. Abansi biwe barakora cane kandi bari bakomeye, ariko Umwamikazi n’abandi bantu benshi bo mu nda y’ingoma bari abagenzi biwe kandi n’abanyagihugu benshi bari ku ruhande rwiwe. Inyigisho ziwe ziroranye kandi ziremesha hamwe n’ubuzima bwiwe butunganye ubigereranije n’inyigisho zasubiza abantu inyuma abayoboke b’ishengero ry’i Roma bigisha, hamwe n’umunoho w’ibintu n’ubuhumbu bwabaranga, abantu benshi babona ko ari iteka kuba mu ruhande rwiwe.IB 75.2

Gushika ico gihe Yohana Huss yakora wenyene, ariko guhera uwo mwanya, Jerome yaba i Prague yifatanije nawe mu gikorwa. Jerome akiri mu Bwongereza yari yaremeye inyigisho za Yohana Wycliffe. Bari basangiye rero bompi igikorwa, ubuzima bwabo hari ico bwahurirako. No mu rupfu ntibabwirizwa gutandukana. Jerome yari incabwenge, nta ngorane yari afise mu kuvuga kandi yari afise ubumenyi bukwiye- izo ngabirano zamubonekako ku buryo budasanzwe zari zatumye abantu benshi bamwiyumvamwo. Ariko Yohana Huss yari rurangiranwa muri izo ngabirano zakomeza kamere y’umuntu. Kuba ari umuntu ahoze vyafashije Jerome yari asanzwe afise kamere yo gutwarira hejuru, kwumviriza aciye bugufi, inama yamugira. Igikorwa c’Ubugorozi caragutse kubera ugukorera hamwe kwabo.IB 75.3

Imana yararetse umuco wayo urasira mu bwenge bw’izo ntwari zibiri, maze zishobora kubona neza amakosa menshi ishengero ry’i Roma ryagenderamwo; ariko ntibaronse umuco wose wategerezwa kumurikira isi yose. Ibicishije muri abo basuku bayo babiri, Imana yariko irakura umwiza winjiye mw’ishengero ry’i Roma hagati y’ubwoko bwayo; ariko hari hakiri inzitizi zihambaye nyinshi zari zikiri mu nzira zabo. Imana yabarongora intambuko ku ntambuko, nk’uko bashobora kugenda bavyakira. Ntibari biteguriye kuronkera umuco wose icarimwe. Iyo bawuronkera icarimwe, wari gusanga ku mb Lire bawuteye umugongo; kuko ni nk’uko umuntu yari mu mwiza w’umuzitanya yorasirwa bukwi na bukwi n’izuba ry'umutara ry’isaha zitandatu z’umurango. Rero Imana yahishuriye umuco abo barongozi ku ntambuko ku ntambuko, ikurikije urugero rw’aho bategerezwa gushika mu kuwakira. Uko ibinjana vyagenda bikurikirana, abandi bakozi b’abizigirwa barabonetse, bashira ikirenge cabo mu c’ abababanjirije, kugira ngo babandanye igikorwa co kurongora abantu mu nzira y’ubugorozi.IB 76.1

Imigwi itandukanye mw’ishengero yakomeje kuboneka. Ubu noneho hariho aba Papa batatu bahiganirwa umwe wese iyo ntebe y’ubupapa kandi ayo makimbirane yabo yatuma habaho ubwicanyi n’umugumuko mu bayoboke babo. Kunyinyurana hagati muri bo batiturana mu majambo vyararengewe maze bahava bashira mu nguvu. Umwe wese muri bo yirondereye abasoda n’ibirwanisho akoresheje amafaranga aronse mu kugurisha ingabirano, inyubakwa hamwe n'imigisha mu vya Mpwemu ishengero ryari rifise. Abapatiri nabo bakurikije akarorero k’ababakurira, bafashe inzira yo kugurisha ikigongwe c’Imana no gutanguza urugamba, kugira ngo bakumire abakeba babo canke biyongerereze ubukomezi. Ku musi ku musi, Yohana Huss yongerwa inkomezi zo kwiyamiriza ububegito bwari bwatse indaro mw’izina ry’ishengero, kandi abantu baragiriza batarya umunwa abarongozi b’ishengero i Roma ko aribo bakururiye abakristo amarorerwa.IB 76.2

N’ubu nyene igisagara c’i Prague cari hafi kumenekamwo amaraso. Nk’uko vyari vyarabaye kera, umusuku w’Imana yagirijweko “ari we ateye amagorwa abisirayeli”. (lAbami 18:17) Ico gisara congeye guharirwa ivomo maze Yohana Huss yongera gukinjura asubira iyo yavukiye. Igikorwa ciwe co gushingira intahe y’ubwizigirwa mu rusengero yakunda rw’i Betelehemu cari kirangiye. Yari agiye noneho kuvuga ku buryo bwagutse, abwira abakristo bose, imbere y’uko ubuzima bwiwe buherengetezwa kubwo gushingira intahe ukuri.IB 76.3

Kugira ngo ingorane zari zugarije Uburaya bwose zitorerwe umuti, hategekanijwe inama idasanzwe yari kubera mu gisagara ca Constance. Umwami w’abami Sigismund, abicishije kuri umwe muri abo bapapa batatu bahiganirwa intebe y’ubupapa, Yohana wa 23, niwe yatanze iciyumviro c’uko iyo nama yokorana. Yohana wa 23 ntiyashimye ko iyo nama yoba kuko yatinya ko kamere yiwe n’ukwivanga kwiwe mu bibazo vya politike vyohava bidomwako urutoke n’abarongozi b’ishengero bafise mbere nabo ico bagirizwa mu mibereho yabo hamwe n’abihebeye Imana b’ico gihe. Ariko rero yaririnze kugambararira icipfuzo c’uyo mwami w’abami Sigismund.IB 76.4

Ibibazo bibiri bikuru vyari kwicarirwa muri iyo nama vyari ugutorera umuti ukwicamwo ibice kwari mw’ishengero hamwe no kurandura inyigisho y’icaduka. N’iyo mpamvu aba bandi nabo bahiganirwa ubupapa uko bari babiri bayitumiwemwo, hadasizwe inyuma Yohana Huss, yari yafashe idarapo mu gukwiragiza umuco mushasha. Kubwo gutinyira ubuzima bwabo, abo bahiganirwa ubupapa ntibitavye iyo nama ahubwo bayirungitsemwo ababaserukira. Nubwo Yohana wa 23 ariwe yari yatumyeko iyo nama, yayijemwo agonanwa; afise amakenga y’uko uwo mwami w’abami yoba afise mw’ibanga umugambi wo kumukuza kandi atinya ko yohava abazwa ibibi yakoze vyatukishije intebe y’ubupapa hamwe n’ubwicanyi bwabaye ariko arondera kuyikingira. Ariko rero yarengutse mu gisagara ca Constance mu cubahiro gihambaye, aharekejwe n’abarongozi b’ishengero bo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi abo bose bagendaniwe n’abasavyi atari bake. Abarongozi b’ishengero hamwe n’abajejwe intwaro bose bo muri ico gisagara n’abanyagihugu isinzi bahagurukiye rimwe kuja kumusanganira. Abantu bane bari bamufatiye hejuru ikintu gitatse izahabu co kumukingira izuba. Imbere yiwe hariho abantu bagendanye ihostiya, kandi impuzu abakaridinali bari bambaye hamwe n’abo mu nda y’ingoma, vyari ibirori mu bindi.IB 76.5

Ariko hariho iyindi ngenzi yariko iregereza igisagara ca Constance. Yohana Huss yari azi neza y’uko imbere yiwe hari ingorane. Abagenzi biwe yatandukanye nabo nk’aho batazokwongera kubonana. Yakomeje urugendo rwiwe azi neza ko ariko aregereza uguturirwa. Nubwo umwami wa Bohemiya hamwe n’Umwami w’abami Sigismund bari bamurungikiye “murekarengane”, yasize atunganije ibintu vyose nk’aho yabona ko agiye gupfa.IB 77.1

Mw’ikete yarungikiye abagenzi biwe bo mu gisagara c’i Prague, yabandikiye ati: “Bavukanyi... ndagiye nitwaje ‘murekarengane’ nahawe n’umwami guhura n’abansi banje benshi banyanka ku gupfa. Nishize ntiziganije mu maboko y’Ushobora vyose hamwe n’ay’Umucunguzi wanje; mfise ivyizigiro y’uko azobumviriza muriko mwinginga musenga, ko azoha akanwa kanje kwigengesera no gukerebuka kugira ngo nshobore guhangana nabo; kandi yuko azonshumbusha Mpwemu wiwe kugira ngo anyongere inkomezi zo kuguma mu kuri ngo nzokwihanganire ibigeregezo, ibohero, mbere n’aho vyoba ngombwa urupfu rw’agashinyaguro, nshize amanga. Yesu Kristo yarababarijwe abo yakunda, yadusigiye akarorero ko kuba twokwihanganira ibintu vyose kubwo agakiza kacu. We ni Imana, natwe turi ibiremwa vyiwe; We niwe Mwigisha w’isi, natwe turi abantu ataco bamaze, bapfa; ariko yaratubabarijwe. None ni kuki tutokwemera kubabazwa igihe tuzi ko ukubabaza kwacu kudushikana ku gutyororwa? Rero bakundwa, nimba ugupfa kwanje vyomuhesha icubahiro, munsabire runshikeko hakiri kare kandi ananshoboze gushikirwa n’amadidane yose andindiriye nihanganye. Ariko kandi nimba icoba ciza ari uko nogaruka hagati muri mwebwe, ni muze dusenge Imana kugira ngo nshobore kugaruka ata gasembwa kambonetseko kubw’iyi nama; ni ukuvuga ata kantu na kamwe nshoboye gukura ku kuri kw’Ubutumwa bwiza, mu ntumbero y’uko nosigira abavukanyi akarorero keza bazokurikiza. Birashoboka kumbure ko mutokwongera kunkubita ijisho i Prague; ariko hamwe n’ivyo, ubushobozi buhambaye bw’lmana yacu burashobora gutuma ngaruka muri mwebwe; reka rero dutere intambwe dufise umutima uremye mu kumenya no mu gukunda ibwirizwa ryiwe” (Bonnechose, vol. 1, pp. 147,148).IB 77.2

Mu rindi kete yandikiye umupatiri yari yakiriye nawe ubutumwa bwiza, Yohana Huss yerekanye n’ukwicisha bugufi gushika ku muzi amakosa yiwe, yiyagiriza ubwiwe ko yatwawe no kurondera kwinezereza mu kwambara impuzu zica ibibatsi no mugutakaza umwanya wiwe mu bintu bitagira akamaro”. Yongeyeko aya majambo y’inkoramutima agabisha: “Icompa icubahiro c’Imana hamwe n’agakiza k’abantu akaba ari vyo vyuzura ubwenge bwawe aho kurondera inyungu canke amaronko. Uragaba ntiwitwararike gutunganya inzu yawe kuruta uko witwararika gutunganya umutima wawe; kandi ikiruta vyose, uzirikane cane inyubakwa yo mu vya Mpwemu. Uri kumwe n’abakene, urabereka yuko ukunda Imana kandi wiyoroshe; kandi ivyo utunze ntubimarishe kwama wateretse. Hamwe ubuzima bwawe utobutunganya ukundi ngo wirinde gutwarwa n’agatima ko kurondera imyambaro y’icubahiro n’ibindi bihendamaso; ndatinya ko bazohava baguhana bihanukiriye nk’uko biriko biranshikira ubu. Warumvise insiguro zanje kuko kuva mu buto bwawe narakuremesheje; ntabwo bikenewe ko nkomeza kukwandikira. Ariko kubwo imbabazi z’umukiza wacu, ndakwinginze ntuze wigere unyigana mu kintu na kimwe kitagira akamaro wabonye ngenderamwo”. Ku rupapuro inyuma y’iryo kete yongeyeho aya majambo: “ndakwinginga, mugenzi wanje, iri kete ntuze uryugurure kiretse ni wamara kuronka inkuru y’imvaho y’uko namaze gupfa” (Ibid., vol. I., pp. 148,149).IB 78.1

Ubwo yariko ararengana, Yohana Huss yabonye ibimenyetso ntabanduka vy’ingene inyigisho ziwe zari zarakwiragiye hirya no hino mu bantu n’ingene vyaboneka ko hariho impungenge kubwo ibihe yarimwo. Abantu barashwabaduka bakaza kumutegera, kandi mu bisagara bimwe, abatware barasohoka bakamusanganira mu nzira.IB 78.2

Amaze gushika i Constance, Yohana Huss yarahawe umwidegemvyo wuzuye. Yari asanzwe afise “murekarengane” yahawe n’Umwami w’abami kandi na Papa ubwiwe yari yamuhaye icandiko cerekana ko akingiwe. Ariko bidatevye, izo nzandiko zitandukanye z’abantu bahambaye zataye agaciro kuko uyo mugorozi baramuhagaritse kubw’itegeko rivuye kwa Papa no kubisongerezi vyiwe, maze bamuta mw’ibuye. Bahavuye bamwungururiza mu nyubakwa yari yarakomejwe cane yari ku nkengera z’uruzi Rino, aba ariho yugaranirwa, arabohwa. Uno mukuru w’ishengero i Roma ntaco yungutse kubera agatima k’uburyarya kiwe, kuko yahavuye nawe yugaranirwa muri ico kibanza nyene (Ibid., vol.l,p.247). Iyo nama yari yasanze uwo mu Papa yari yarakoze amarorerwa i ruhande y’ubwicanyi, kugurisha ikigongwe c’Imana n’ubusambanyi yagirizwa; ivyaha umuntu atoshobora kwita izina. Iyo nama yaciye ifatira ingingo ruhasha Papa Yohana wa 23, baraheza bamukiza inkofero y’ubupapa yari yambaye maze bamuterera mw’ibohero. Ba bandi babiri nabo bahiganirwa ubutware bw’ishengero barabicaritse, maze hatorwa umurongozi mushasha.IB 78.3

Nubwo uyo mu Papa yari yakoze amarorerwa aruta kure ayo Yohana Huss yari yagirije abapatiri kandi akaba ari vyo inama yari yasabiye umuvyuro; ntivyabujije ko iyo nama nyene yaka ububasha uwo murongozi w’ishengero, ikamwicarika, kandi ikanarondera ingene yokwikiza umugorozi Yohana Huss. Igihe bamufunga vyari vyatumye i Bohemiya haduka imidurumbanyo. Abantu bo mu nda y’ingoma bahambaye cane, bareretse abajenama bari ngaho ko badashigikiye akarenganyo nk’ako gakorwa ku mugaragaro. Umwami w’abami atari yashimye ukuntu “murekarengane” yari yahaye Yohana Huss yari yagwijwe n’ubusa, ntiyashigikiye nawe ingingo iyo nama yari imaze gufata. Abarwanya uwo mugorozi wari wobahonyoyeko, ariko ntibashobora guhirahira ngo bave kw’izima ry’ico barondera. Baciye bumvisha Umwami w’abama Sigismund ko amakenga yiwe ata shingiro afise, bamumara ubwoba, bamusaba kwerekana ishaka mu gushigikira ishengero. Bafashe umwanya uhagije bamwumvisha ko nta muntu yigisha inyigisho z’ivyaduka canke azigendera ashobora kuba aramirije mu kwizera, naho yoba yitwaje “murekarengane” y’Umwami w’abami canke iy’umutware wo hejuru (Jacques Lenfant, History of the Council of Constance, vol. 1, p. 516). Uko niko abo barwanya Yohana Huss bashoboye gushika ku mugambi wabo.IB 78.4

Umunyororo n’indwara vyari vyatumye Yohana Huss agira amagara make - igihe kirekire yamaze afungiwe ahantu habi kandi hakanye hamuteye indwara yahatswe kumutwara ubuzima. Ariko impera n’imperuka, Yohana Huss yararengukishijwe imbere y’iyo Sentare. Yohana Huss yararengutse, bamubohejeje iminyororo, imbere y’umutware Sigismund yari yararwaniye iteka ryiwe, akerakana n’umutima mwiza wo kumukingira. Yamaze umwanya muremure ariko arasambishwa ariko ntiyigera ahugumba ku kuri yari yarigishijwe. Imbere y’abanyacubahiro bo mw’ishengero n’abo mu ntwaro y’igihugu, yaradomye urutoke, atarya umunwa, ashimitse kandi akoresheje ubwizigirwa bwinshi, ku mabi abarongozi b’ishengero ry’i Roma bakora. Baramuhitishijemwo kuvavanura n’inyigisho yari yarakwiragije canke kwicwa, ahitamwo gushikirwa n’ivyashikiye abamaratiri.IB 79.1

Ubuntu bw’Imana bwaramushigikiye. Indwi zitari zike zararenganye arindiriye ko bashira mu ngiro ingingo bari bamufatiye. Izo ndwi yazimaze umutima wiwe wuzuye amahoro yo mw’ijuru. Yandikiye umugenzi wiwe aya majambo akurikira: “Iri kete ndaryandikiye mw’ibohero, amaboko yanje ariko amapingo, mu gihe niteze ejo aho bukera igihano co kwicwa... Aho kubwo gufashwa na Kristo tuzokwongera tugahurira mu buzima buteye igomwe bw’amahoro bwo muri kazoza, uzoshobora gutahura ingene Imana yanyeretse imbabazi zayo; ingene mu buryo bugaragarira amaso yanshigikiye hagati y’amageragezwa n’ibihe bigoye naciyemwo” (Bonnechose , vol.2, p.67).IB 79.2

Muri iryo bohero riteye ubwoba, yahaboneye intsinzi irindiriwe y’ukwizera nyakuri. Ivyiyumviro vyiwe vyamusubije muri Paruwasi y’i Betelehemu, i Prague, aho yari yaramamaje inkuru nziza; yarongeye abona mu maso yiwe Papa n’abepisikopi biwe bahanagura amasanamu ya Yesu yari yashushanijwe ku bihome vy’urusengero.“Ibi vyiyumviro vyaramuciye intege. Ariko ku musi wakurikiye yabonye abantu benshi bariko barashushanya basubiramwo ivyo bicapo vyari vyahanaguritse, babigwiza kandi bakoresha amarangi atuma biboneka rwose. Abo bariko barashushanya bamaze kurangiza igikorwa cabo, bakikujwe n’abantu isinzi, baratangaje bati: “Ubu rero Papa n’abepisikopi ni baze; ntibazokwongera kubihanagura ukundi”. Igihe Yohana Huss yariko arashikiriza izo ndoto ziwe, yavuze ati: “Ibi ndabizi ko ari ukuri, ishusho ya Kristo ntizigera izimanganywa. Abantu bararondeye kuyisambura, ariko izokwongera ishushanywe, isubizwe itoto mu mitima n’abasiguzi ba karuhariwe kunsumvya (D’Aubigne, b. 1 ,ch.6).IB 79.3

Yohana Huss yongeye kurengutswa ubwa nyuma imbere y’inama. Ryari ikoraniro ryagutse kandi rihambaye -Umwami w’abami, abaganwa bose bo muri ico gihugu, intumwa z’umwami, ibisongerezi vya Papa, abepisikopi, abapatiri hamwe n’abantu benshi bari baje kurorera ibiri bube uyo musi, bari bakoranye. Abantu bari baje bava hirya no hino nk’ivyabona bihagarariye ubukristo kugira ngo bakurikiranire hafi ishikanwa rikuru rya mbere ryagira ritangwe kubw’uru rugamba rurerure rwategerezwa gushikana abantu ku mwidegemvyo w’umutimanama.IB 79.4

Yohana Huss baramurengukije ngo ashikirize ingingo ya nyuma yafashe maze ababwira abahishutse ko adashobora kwihakana ukuri yamenye kandi yigishije. Yatumbereje amaso yiwe kuri uyo mwami w’abami atamaramazwa no kuba yahemutse kw’ijambo ry’agaciro yari yatanze maze aravuga ati: “nahisemwo kubwo ugushaka kwanje kurenguka imbere y’iyi nama kuko nari nkingiwe n’igihugu kandi nari navyijejwe n’umwami w’abami avyagiye ng’aha hagati muri mwebwe” (Bonnechose, vol.2, p.84). Abantu bose baciye bahindukira kuraba Sigismund aho yari avyagiye maze mu maso hiwe haca hariraburirwa. Bamaze kumukatira igihano, igikorwa co kumutitura agateka yari asanganywe caciye gitangura. Abepisikopi bambitse iyo mbohe impuzu z’ubuherezi. Uno nawe igihe yazakira yaciye ababwira ati: “Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo bamwambitse impuzu yera bash aka ku mukengera, igihe Herode yamujana kwa Pilato” (Ibid., vol. 2, p. 86). Barongeye baramwinginga ngo yisubireko maze arahindukira, atumbereza amaso yiwe aho abantu bicaye, arabishura ati: “None ivyo ndabikoze, notumbereza amaso yanje nkaraba mw’ijuru gute? Mbega aba bantu batagira igitigiri nigishije inkuru nziza y’ukuri nobatumberezako amaso gute? Oya, agakiza kabo karahambaye gusumba uyu mubiri w’ubufafara, wamaze kugenerwa gupfa”. Izo mpuzu bari bamwambitse baciye bazimukiza imwe imwe ku yindi, umwepisikopi wese akamuvuma igihe yaba ariwe ashikiriwe kugira ngo agire nawe ico akoze mu gutitura agateka k’uyo mugorozi. Mu guheraheza bamwambitse agakofero bakoze mu rupapuro bashushanijeko ibicapo vy’ibidayimoni kandi banditseko aya majambo: “KARUHARIWE MU NYIGISHO Z’lVYADUKA”. Yohana Huss yaciye abashikiriza aya majambo: “Yesu, nejerejwe no kwambikwa ku bwawe uru rugori rw’ubumaramare kuko nawe wambitswe urugori rw’amahwa ku bwanje”.IB 80.1

Mu gihe bari bamaze kumukura kw’iteka yari afise, abarongozi b’ishengero baciye bamubwira bati: “ubu rero umushaha wawe tuwuhaye Umurwanizi”. Yohana Huss yaciye na none abishura avuga ati: “Nanje nunamuriye amaso yanje mw’ijuru, umushaha wanje ndawushize mu maboko yawe, wewe Mwami Yesu, kuko wancunguye” (Wylie, b. 3, ch. 7)IB 80.2

Abapatiri baciye bamwikura bamuha abategetsi b’igihugu kugira ngo bamujane mu kibanza cari categuwe, aho ubuzima bwiwe bwari guherengeterezwa. Abantu isinzi bari baje kuraba: umurongo muremure w’abantu amajana bitwaje ibirwanisho mu minwe, abapatiri n’abepisikopi bambaye umwambaro ubaranga, hamwe n’abanyagihugu baho i Constance, ntibari batanzwe. Bamaze kumubohera ku giti aho bari kumuturirira, hasigaye gato gusa ngo badomeke umuriro, barongeye basaba Yohana Huss ko yokwisubirako akavavanura n’amakosa yigishije. Yohana Huss yishuye avuga ati: “Mbega inyigisho z’ibinyoma nkwiye guheba ni izihe? Nta n’imwe niyagiriza kuba narigishije! Imana ni yo mpamagaye ngo imbere icabona ku bintu vyose nanditse no kunsiguro nashikirije kuko nabikoranye intumbero yo gukura abantu mu caha no mu mahonero; akaba ari co gituma nezerewe gusumba no gushimangiza amaraso yanje ukwo kuri nigishije kandi nkasigura” -{Ibid., b. 3, ch. 7). Amaze kurengerwa n’urubeya rw’umuriro, yaciye atangura kuririmba: “Yesu mwana wa Dawidi, ngirira ikigongwe”; yabandanije aririmba uko gushika aho ijwi ryiwe ritari ricumvikana.IB 80.3

Ubutwari budasanzwe bwa Yohana Huss bwaratangaje n’abamurwanya, bararengerwa. Umuyoboke w’inshirukanya wa Papa, yashoboye kwigana ku buryo bwagutse urupfu rwa Yohana Huss hamwe n’urwa Jerome w’i Prague rwahavuye rukurikira mu nyuma, yaravuze ati: “Bompi baranzwe n’umutima umwe, udahugumba, igihe isaha yabo ya nyuma yaba yegereje. Bitegura kwinjira mu muriro nk’uko umuntu yitegurira urubanza rw’ubugeni. Nta karuru k’uko bariko barababara bigeze bakoma. Aho imbeya z’umuriro zabatema zigatongora, bo batangura gutera ururirimbo; nticari ikintu coroshe ko ukwongerekana kw’umuriro guhagarika ukuririmba kwabo” (-Ibid., b. 3, ch. 7)IB 81.1

Yohana Huss amaze gusha agatokombera, umunyota w’umubiri wiwe hamwe n’ivu wakorokeyeko vyaregeranijwe maze bitabwa mu ruzi Rhin, rwahavuye rubisesa mw’ibahari. Abamurwanya barihenze rwose kwibaza ko baranduranye n’imizi ukuri yari yarigishije. Bidatevye batanguye kwiyumvira yuko uyo munyota bari bataye mu ruzi uwo musi ugiye guhinduka imbuto iteragiwe mu bihugu vyose vyo kw’isi; ko wari kuhava wama ivyamwa vyinshi bishingira intahe ukuri mu ntara zitari bwamenyekane. Ijwi ryari ryumvikaniye mu ngoro y’Imana i Constance ryari ryasamiranye ku buryo ryari rigiye kwumvikana imyaka yose. Ego Yohana Huss ntiyari akiriho, ariko ukuri kwari kwatumye bamwica ntikwari kuzimangana na gato. Akarorero yari yatanze ko kwizera no kudahugumba kategerezwa gutera intege abantu benshi kugira ngo bahagararire ukuri imbere yo gutotezwa canke imbere y’urupfu. Ukwica Yohana Huss bamuturiye vyari vyashize ahagaragara ubwicanyi bukorerwa mu buryarya bw’ubutegetsi bw’ishengero ry’i Roma. Naho batari babizi, abansi b’ukuri bari bateje imbere ico bariko bararondera kurandurana n’imizi.IB 81.2

Hamwe n’ivyo hariho ikindi gicaniro cariko kirategurwa i Constance. Ikindi cabona cari kigiye gushingira intahe ukuri amaraso abanje guseseka. Aho Jerome yasezerana igishika Yohana Huss yari afashe urugendo yitavye inama; yaramuremesheje ngo ntacike intege kandi ntave kw’izima; yaratuye aramubwira yuko naho vyoshika agakorokera mu manga, ko azoza ubwiwe kumushayura. Rero amaze kwumva ko Yohana Huss bamufunze, uwo mwigisha w’umwizigirwa yaciye yitegura adatevye gushitsa isezerano yari yatanze. Ntiyarindiriye kuronswa murekarengane, yarahagurutse, aherekejwe n’umugenzi umwe, aja i Constance. Amaze gushika muri ico gisagara yaratahuye ku buryo bugaragara ko yishoye mu rupfu kandi ko ata buryo afise bwo kugira ico yokora ngo arekuze Yohana Huss. Yagerageje guhunga ico gisagara ariko ataragera kure, baramufashe, bamugarukana bamuboshe kandi acungerewe n’abasoda badakoma urugohe. Aho yarenguka ubwa mbere na mbere imbere y’iyo nama maze akagerageza kwiregura ku vyo bari bamwagirije, yasanganiwe n’akaruru k’amajwi avuga ngo: “Muhe umuriro nawe! Muhe umuriro” (Bonnechose, vol. 1, p. 234). Baciye bamwinjiza mw’ibuye, bamushirako imvuto zimubabaza cane; nta kindi yafungura atari amazi n’umukate. Inyuma y’amezi atari make, ahantu yari afungiwe hamukwegeye indwara yahatswe kumutwara ubuzima. Abamurwanya vyabateye ubwoba kuko bibaza ko hamwe yoba yishwe n’indwara yoba abacitse; baciye bamera nk’abamutezurira nubwo yagumye mu munyororo umwaka wose.IB 81.3

Urupfu rwa Yohana Huss ntirwari rwashikanye abayoboke ba Papa, ku co bipfuza. Abantu bari bashavuye; baridodomba kubera ko iyo nama yari yagwije n’ubusa “murekarengane” yamukingira. Inama yaciye ibona ko vyoba bibereye Jerome bamuremereye akisubirako aho kumubohera ku giti ngo bamuturire. Baramurengukije imbere y’ikoraniro maze bamuhitishamwo kwisubirako canke kwicwa bamuturiye. Mu misi ya mbere bakimufunga, ku mwica kwari ukumugirira akagongwe ubiringanije n’ingene yari ababariye mu munyororo. Ubu rero ko indwara yari imaze gusinzikaza amagara yiwe kandi akaba yari yaracitse intege kubwo urupfli rwa Yohana Huss, ubutwari bwa Jerome bwaramwiyatse maze ahitamwo kwifatanya n’ingingo iyo nama yari ihejeje gufata. Yarasezeranye we ubwiwe ko agiye kwisunga ukwizera kw’ishengero Gatolika maze yemeranya n’ingingo iyo nama yari ifashe yo kwiyamiriza inyigisho za Yohana Wycliffe hamwe n’iza Yohana Huss, ukuyemwo gusa “ukuri kweranda” bari bigishije (Ibid, vol. 2, p. 141)IB 82.1

Jerome yari yizeye ko hamwe yokora uko, vyari gutuma umutimanama wiwe utagira ico umwagiriza kandi ko abamufunze bari guca bamurekura. Ariko amaze gusubizwa mu bwiherero bw’ibuye yarimwo, yaciye abona neza ukuntu ivyo yari ahejeje gukora vyari biteye ubwoba. Yariyumviriye ubutwari hamwe n'ukudahemuka vya Yohana Huss maze aca abigereranya n'ukuntu we ubwiwe yihakanye ukuri akagukandagira. Yiyumviriye umwigisha yavuye ku Mana yasezeranye ubwiwe gufasha kandi kubw’ivyo akemera gupfa abambwe ku musaraba. Imbere y’uko yisubirako hagati y’imibabaro myinshi yarimwo, yari yumvise aremye kubwo gutahura yuko ubuntu bw’Imana bumutwikiriye - ugukekeranya n’ukwigaya vyaciye biremera ubwo nyene umutima wiwe. Yaramenye kandi ko batazobura kwongera kumusaba ngo yisubireko imbere y’uko ishengero i Roma ryemera yuko bumvikanye. Rero inzira yari yatoye ntahandi yamujana atari mu buhakanyi: ntivyari bikenewe ngo yihakane Umwami wiwe kugira ngo ahunge umubabaro w’umwanya mutoya.IB 82.2

Yongeye kurengutswa imbere y’inama. Uburyo yari yemeye kwifatanya nabo ntibwari bwakuyeho amakenga abamucira urubanza bari bafise. Inyota bari bafise yo gusesa amaraso yari yakabuwe n’igihe bica Yohana Huss; iyo nyota yabasaba ko habaho abandi bantu bo gucisha ku buhomba. Ikintu conyene cari gukingira ubuzima bwa Jerome ntibabuzimanganye n’uko yari kuvavanura burundu n’ukuri. Ariko yari yamaze gufata ingingo yo kwemangira ukwizera kwiwe maze agakurikira umuvukanyi wiwe yari yapfuye aturiwe nk’umumaratiri.IB 82.3

Rero yaciye yivuguruza mw’ijambo mu vyo yari yabemereye ubwa mbere. Kubera ko urupfu ari rwo rwari rumurindiriye, yaciye asaba icese akaryo ko kwiregura. Abapatiri baratinya ubwaku amajambo yavuga yoshobora kugira ku bantu; baciye bamusaba bashimitse ngo yemere canke ahakane vyonyene kuri ivyo bamwagiriza ko atari ukuri. Jerome yaciye yiyamiriza ubugizi bwa nabi nk’ubwo hamwe n’akarenganyo. “Mu misi amajana atatu na mirongo ine yose mwarambujije kuvuga, munyugaranira mw’ibohero ahantu hasa nabi, mu mwanda, mu munuko, ahantu umuntu yama yipfuza kuronswa akantu kose. Raba noneho muransohoye mumpagaritse imbere yanyu, mushaka ko ndabatega ugutwi kandi muri abansi banje bambaye umubiri upfa nk’uwo nambaye, ariko mweho ntimushaka kunyumviriza... Nimba koko muri abantu b’inkerebutsi, mubereye isi umuco, muragabe ntimucumure imbere y’ubutungane. Jeho mfise intege nke, ndi umuntu apfa; ubuzima bwanje ntibuhambaye cane; iyo rero ndabinginga ngo ntimufate ingingo irenganya, si jewe mba ndiko ndivugira cane; ni mwebwe mba ndiko mvugira” (-Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 146, 147).IB 82.4

Ivyo yasaba bahavuye babimwerera. Jerome yarapfukamye abamucira urubanza bamubona maze arasenga ngo Mpwemu w'Imana atunganye ivyiyumviro n’amajambo yiwe kugira ngo ntahave agira ico avuze giteye kubiri n’ukuri canke kitabereye Umwami wiwe. Ku bwiwe, uyo musi, isezerano Imana yari yahaye abigishwa biwe ba mbere ryari rishitse: “Bazobajana imbere y’abaganza n’abami babampora.. .Ariko babashengeranye , ntimuze muhagarikire imitima ico muvuga n’ingene muzokivuga, kukw’ivyo muvuga muzobihabwa muri ako kanya. Kukw atazoba ari mwebwe muvuga, azoba ari Mpwemu wa So avugira muri mwebwe”. (Matayo 10:18-20)IB 83.1

Ukwiregura kwa Jerome kwaratangaje mbere kwongera kurashimisha n'abansi biwe. Yari amaze umwaka wose mw’ibuye bamwankiye kuvuga, adashobora gusoma canke ngo abone umuco, ababajwe ku mubiri kandi aremerewe ku mutima. Ariko rero ivyireguzo vyiwe yabishikirije n’ubushobozi kandi bitomoye neza nk’aho yoba yari amaze igihe kirekire yiga adahagaritse. Abariko baramwumviriza yabahaye urutonde rurerure rw’abantu b'intungane abacamanza baciriye urwa ngondagonde. Mu runganwe rwose harabahayeho abantu barondeye kubera abandi urumuri ariko bagatukwa babihorwa mbere bagaharirwa n’ivomo. Ariko hahera igihe bagasanga abo bantu bakwiriye kwubahwa. Na Yesu Kristo ubwiwe yaraciriweko iteka na sentare igabitanya, nk’umugizi wa nabi.IB 83.2

Igihe yari yivuguruje mw’ijambo akirenguka imbere y’inama ubwa mbere, Jerome yari yemeye ko ingingo abacamanza bari bafatiye Yohana Huss ibereye. Noneho yari ababajwe n’ivyo yari yemeye maze aca atangaza icese ko abisokoye maze ashinga intahe avuga icese ko Yohana Huss yarenganijwe, ko ata kabi uwo mu maratiri yari yarakoze.Yababwiye ati: “Ndamuzi kuva mu bwana bwiwe, yari umuntu adasanzwe, w’intungane kandi atagendera mu kibi. Ariko raba mwaramuciriyeko iteka, ntimwitwararitse ubutungane bwiwe.. .Nditeguye gupfa na jewe. Si ndibusubire inyuma imbere y’umuriro hamwe no kubabazwa abansi banje hamwe n’ivyabona vy’ibinyoma banteguriye. Umusi umwe bazokwishura ububegito bwabo bakoze imbere y’Imana ihambaye, yo itabeshwa n’umuntu n’umwe” (-Bonnechose, vol. 2, p. 151.) ‘ Jerome ntiyahagarariye ng'aho, kubwo kwagirizwa n’umutimanama wiwe ingene yihakanye ukuri, yabandanije avuga ati: “Kuva nkiri muto, nta caha nakoze caremereye umutima wanje ngo gitume nicuza mbabaye rwose nk’iki nakoreye muri kino kibanza c’urupfu; aho nashigikiye ingingo yafatiwe Yohana Wycliffe, hamwe n’iyafatiwe inzirakarengane Yohana Huss, umumaratiri, yari yambereye umwigisha n’umugenzi. Ego ni vyo! Ndatuye ndabikuye ku mutima; ndatangaje mbabaye cane ko kubwo gutinya gupfa, nishizeko ubumaramare kuba naciriyeko iteka inyigisho zabo. Nico gituma ntakambira ... Imana ishobora vyose ngo iharire ivyaha vyanje, na cane cane iki kidasanzwe, iki giteye isoni gusumvya ibindi vyose”. Yatumbereje amaso yiwe ku bariko baramucira urubanza maze ababwira ashize ubwoba ati: “Mwaciriyeko iteka Yohana Wycliffe na Yohana Huss, atari uko banyiganyije inyigisho z’ishengero, ariko gusa kubera ko bashize ahabona kandi bakanebagura ibintu biteye isoni vyaranga abarongozi b’ishengero: kurondera ivyubahiro, ukwishira hejuru, hamwe n’ayandi marorerwa y’abarongozi bakuru b’ishengero hamwe n’abapatiri. Ibintu bagaragaza kandi mudashobora guhakana ni vyo niyumvira kandi mvuga icese nk’uko babikoze”.IB 83.3

Amajambo yiwe baciye bayazibiranya. Kubwo kujugumizwa n’ishavu ryinshi, abarongozi b’ishengero baciye bavuga cane bati: “Ikindi kimenyamenya gikenewe gusumba iki ni ikihe? Imbere yacu hahagaze intangondwa iruta izindi mu bigisha b’ivyaduka”.IB 84.1

Igihuhusi c’amajambo abarongozi b’ishengero bariko barashikiriza nticatumye Jerome ahungabana. Ahubwo yaciye yitangaza avuga ati: “Mbega ni ibiki? Mwoba mwibaza ko mfise ubwoba bwo gupfa? Mwanyugaraniye umwaka wose mw’ibohero ahantu habi, hateye ubwoba kurusha urupfu nyezina. Mwaramfashe nabi birenze urugero. Nari inyuma kure cane y’ukuntu mufata umunyagihugu wo muri Tirikiya, umuyuda canke umupagani; umubiri waboreye ku magufa yanje ndawubona. Ivyo mwarabinkoreye sinabidogera kuko umuntu w’umutima, uwo Mpwemu yagerereyemwo, ntarangwa no kubogoza. Ikintangaje co nyene n’ingene murangwa n’agatima k’ubugizi bwa nabi butagira izina mukorera uwo mwavukanishijwe ku bwa Kristo” (Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 151-153).IB 84.2

Ishavu ryarongeye riraziriringa maze bituma avuga ashavuye; baciye bamunyarukana mw’ibohero kumwugaranirayo. Ariko rero mu bantu bari bakoraniye ng’aho hariho abo amajambo ya Jerome yagizeko ubwaku bukomeye ku buryo bumvise bagoberewe no gukingira ubuzima bwiwe. Abanyacubahiro bo mw’ishengero baragiye kumuraba maze baramugobera ngo yemere ace bugufi imbere y’Imana. Baramweretse ko kazoza kiwe kazoba gakayangana hamwe yokwemera akavavanura n’inyigisho za Yohana Wycliffe n’iza Yohana Huss, zimutandukanya n’ishengero ry’i Roma. Jerome ntiyahungabanijwe umutima n’ivyo bariko baramwizeza; yagize inyifato nk’iyo umwigisha wiwe, ca gihe umurwanizi yariko aramuratira icubahiro cose co muri iyi si.IB 84.3

“Ni munyereke mukoresheje Ivyanditswe vyera aho noba ndi mu makosa kandi nca nisubirako”, ni ko yababwiye.IB 84.4

Umwe mu bariko baramugerageza yarinamuye aravuga ati: “Ivyanditswe vyera? Mbega ni vyo dukwiriye kwisunga mu kwihweza ikintu cose. Ninde yobitahura ishengero atari ryo ribisiguye?”IB 84.5

Jerome yam wish uye ati: “Mbega imigenzo y’abantu ni yo ikwiriye kwubahirizwa gusumvya ubutumwa bwiza bw’umucunguzi wacu? Hoba hari aho Paulo yabwiye abantu ngo bakorere ku migenzo y’abantu canke yoba yavuze ko ikibereye ari uko basesa mu Vyanditswe?”IB 84.6

“Wa mwigisha w’icaduka we!” Ni yo nyishu bamuhaye. “Ndihanye kuba nafashe umwanya utari muto ndiko ndakwinginga. Ndabona y’uko umwansi ariwe ariko arakuvugisha” (Wylie, b. 3, ch. 10).IB 84.7

Jerome bamuciriye urubanza rwo gupfa. Bamujanye mu kibanza bari batuririyemwo Yohana Huss. Yagiye araririmba inzira yose, mu maso hiwe hakayangana umuco hamwe n’amahoro. Amaso yiwe yari yayatumbereje kuri Kristo. Urupfu nta bwoba rwari rukimuteye. Mu gihe uwari yagenywe kudomeka umuriro bari kumwicisha yahagarara inyuma yiwe yiteguye kudomeka ivyo bari bamuboheyeko, uwo mu maratiri yaramubwiye atarya umunwa ati: “Shira ubwoba ushike hano imbere; domekera umuriro imbere y'amaso yanje. Iyo ngira ubwoba bwo gupfa sinari gushobora kuza hano”.IB 84.8

Amajambo yiwe ya nyuma yumvikanye mu gihe urubeya rwari rumaze kumurenga, ryari isengesho. Yavuze cane ati: “Mwami, Data ushobora vyose, ngirira impuhwe kandi umparire ivyaha vyanje kuko urazi ko igihe cose nakunze ukuri kwawe”.-Bonnechose, vol. 2, p. 168. Ijwi ryiwe ntiryasubiye kwumvikana ariko iminwa yiwe yakomeje gukomangana ishikiriza ishengesho. Umuriro uhejeje kumutema ukamutongora, umunyota wiwe hamwe n’ivu ry’aho bamutuririye baravyegeranije maze babijugunya mu ruzi Rhin, nk’uko vyari vyakozwe aho Yohana Huss bamuturira.IB 85.1

Uko ni ko abatwaramuco b’abizigirwa b’Imana bazimanganijwe. Ariko umuco w’ukuri bari baramamaje - umuco w’ubuzima bw’akarorero k’ubutwari berekanye - ntiwashobora kuzimanganywa. Nk’uko bitoshoboka yuko izuba borisubiza inyuma ntiribandanye urugendo rwaryo, ni nako bitari gukunda ko abantu bazimya umuco wariko urarasira kw’isi.IB 85.2

Urupfu rwa Yohana Huss rwatumye mu gihugu haduka umuriro wo kwidoga no kubabara. Abantu bose bari babonye y’uko azize uburyarya bw’abapatiri hamwe n’akagambane k’umwami w’abami, Sigismund. Baramushingira intahe ko yabaye umwigisha w’ukuri, w’umwizigirwa; ni co catumye inama yafashe ingingo yo kumwicisha bayagirije ubwicanyi. Abakurikiye inyigisho ziwe, baciye baba benshi gusumvya, amaze gupfa. Papa yari yasohoye inzandiko atanga itegeko y’uko ibitabo vya Yohana Wycliffe babiturira. Ariko kubera urwo rupfu rwa Yohana Huss, inzandiko za Yohana Wycliffe zitari zaraturiwe kuko abantu bari barazinyegeje, baciye bazinyegurura batangura kuziga bazifatanije na Bibiliya yose, canke ibice bimwe bimwe vyayo abantu bashobora kuronka; ivyo vyatumye haba umuvyuro ukomeye mu kwizera kw’abantu.IB 85.3

Abari bicishije Yohana Huss ntibareze amaboko bamaze kubona ingene inyigisho ziwe zagenda zigira ubwaku ku bantu. Umupapa w’ico gihe afadikanije n’umwami wa Bohemiya bashize inguvu zabo hamwe kugira ngo bahangane n’abagenda bemera inyigisho za Yohana Huss Kubw’ivyo, ingabo za Sigismund zaciye zikwira igihugu cose.IB 85.4

Ariko rero harabonetse umucunguzi. Muri ico gihe, Ziska yari intwazangabo ikomeye. Nubwo yaciye afatwa n’ubuhumyi kuva indwano igitangura, ni we yaje imbere y’abarwaniye Bohemiya. Aba bantu bo muri Bohemiya bari bizigiye Imana kandi bari bazi neza yuko ivyo bemera ari ukuri. Ivyo vyabashoboje guhangana n’ingabo zabatera uko zaba zikomeye kwose. Igihe cose umwami w’abami, Sigismund, yarungika ingabo ziwe gutera Bohemiya, zasubira inyuma zimaramaye. Abayoboke ba Yohana Huss bari barigishijwe kutagira ubwoba imbere y’urupfii, ni co gituma ata kintu na kimwe batinya imbere yabo. Haheze imyaka mikeya intambara imaze gutangura, Ziska yarapfuye; ariko yaciye asubirirwa na Procopius banganya ubutwari. Yari intwazangabo ifise nayo ubuhinga buhambaye, umurongozi yari ashoboye.IB 85.5

Bamaze kwumva inkuru ko Ziska yapfuye, abansi batera Bohemiya bibajije ko baronse akaryo kadasanzwe ko kwigarurira ivyo bari batakaje. Umupapa w’ico gihe yongeye atanga itegeko ryo gutuza abayoboke ba Yohana Huss. Ivyo vyatumye abasoda isinzi batera Bohemiya, ariko n'aha nyene barakubiswe gushika n’aho bomoka. Yarongeye agaba ibindi bitero vyinshi. Mu bihugu vy’i Buraya vyose aho Papa yari afise ububasha, bararungitse abasoda, amafaranga hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho vyari bikenewe ku rugamba. Abantu isinzi baje kurwana mu ruhande rwa Papa bemejwe yuko, noneho ata gukeka, abayoboke ba Yohana Huss bari bugondozwe. Abo barwanyi bagavye igitero kuri Bohemiya biteze intsinzi ikomeye. Abanyagihugu b’i Bohemiya bafatanye mu nda, bafata ibirwanisho vyabo kugira babahinde basubire inyuma. Iyo mirwi ibiri y’ingabo zihanganye, yarasugeranije, gushika aho isigara irabana imbona nkubone, itandukanijwe gusa n'uruzi rwari hagati yayo. “Abasoda ba Papa bari benshi kandi bakomeye, ariko aho kujabuka urwo ruzi rwari rubatandukanije ngo bikize umwansi yari yatumye batororokana bava kure na kure ari we baje kurwanya, barahagaze, bahanga amaso izo ntwari kubwo ukwizera” (Wylie, b. 3, ch. 17.). Muri ako kanya nyene, ubwoba budasanzwe bwarabafashe mpiri. Izo ngabo zari ziteye ubwoba zacitse ivutu zidashoboye kurasa n’umwampi n’umwe, zirasabagira, nk’uko hariho ubushobozi butaboneka bwari buzihinze. Abenshi muri bo barapfuye basogoswe n’abayoboke ba Yohana Huss babomye inyuma bariko barahunga. Babanyaze ivyo bari bafise barabisigarana ku buryo iyo ntambara basanze ibafashije kwikenura aho kubakenesha.IB 86.1

Haheze imyaka mikeya inyuma y'aho, uwundi mu Papa yaragavye ikindi gitero kuri Bohemiya. Nk’uko vyari vyakozwe ubwa mbere, ibihugu vyose vy’i Buraya aho Papa yari afise ububasha, vyarungitse abantu hamwe n’uburyo. Abemera kuja muri urwo rugamba rwo kwigerezako barabasezeranira ibitagenda. Abari gupfira muri urwo rugamba barabasezeranira impera idasanzwe mw’ijuru; abari kurusimbuka nabo bari kuronka ivyubahiro n’ubutunzi. N’ubu nyene harabonetse abasoda benshi, bagiye hamwe, bararengana imbibe bagaba igitero kuri Bohemiya. Abarwana ku ruhande rwa Yohana Huss bamaze kubabona, barihinze, basubira inyuma, bituma abasoda barungitswe na Papa babakurikirana, binjira imbere mu gihugu, maze ivyo bibaha icizere c'uko ya ntsinzi bipfuza bamaze kuyironka. Ariko rero impera n’imperuka, abarwanyi ba Procopius bashitse aho bashinga ibirindiro maze bahindukirira umwansi yariko abakurikira, baramusugereza, baramutera. Ingabo zarungitswe na Papa zimaze kubona ko zaguye mu mutego, zagumye aho zari zikambitse, zirindira ko bazitera. Inkuru imaze kumenyekana ko abasoda ba Yohana Huss bariko barazegereza, mbere zitaranababona; izo ngabo zari zarungitswe na Papa, zaguye igihumura kubera ubw oba. Abaganwa, intwazangabo zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, abasoda bato bato, bataye ibirwanisho vyabo, banyaga amagara, umwe wese ahungira aho ashoboye. Intumwa ya Papa yari irongoye izo ngabo vyamutaye kuw’amazi agerageje kurondera kuziha itegeko ngo zigume hamwe kubwo ubwoba no kugwa igihumura. Naho yari yakoze uko ashoboye aremesha abasoda biwe, yahavuye asanga nawe yahunze muri bo. Abasoda ba Yohana Huss barabomoye ku buryo budasubirwako maze n’ubu nyene, bongera kubanyaga ibitagenda.IB 86.2

Uko ni ko n’ubugira kabiri abasoda benshi barungitswe n’ibihugu vya rutura vy’i Buraya, b’intwari, bazi kurwana kandi babimenyereye bahunga ata n’umwe ashoboye gusokora inkota yiwe, imbere y’abarwanyi b’agahugu gatoya, b'intege nke. Cari ikimenyamenya c’ubushobozi bw’Imana. Abo bari bagavye igitero kuri Bohemiya bahiye coba imbere y’ubushobozi budasanzwe. Umwe yari yazimanganirije ingabo za Farawo mu Kiyaga gitukura; umwe yatuma ingabo z’Abamidiyani zihunga imbere ya Gideyoni n’abasoda biwe; umwe ijoro rimwe yatsiratsije ingabo z’umwami w’ubwibone wa Siriya; yari yongeye kuranmvura ukuboko kwiwe kugira ngo agwize n’ubusa ubushobozi bukandamiza abantu. “Aho nyene bahacikiye umugongo, ata kiwubaciye, kukw’Imana yakwiragije amagufa y’uwashagarije kugutera; warabatetereje, kukw’Imana yabahinyuye”.(Zaburi 53:5)IB 87.1

Bamaze kwihebura kuko batashobora gutsinda bakoresheje inguvu, abarongozi b’ubupapa, mu nyuma, barahinduye bakoresha ugushikirana. Bashitse aho berekana ko barekuriye abanyagihugu b’i Bohemiya ukwishira n’ukwizana kw’umutima nama wabo; ariko mu vy’ukuri kwari ukubagambanira kugira ngo ishengero ry’i Roma ribagireko ububasha. Abantu b’i Bohemiya basavye ibintu bine vyokwubahirizwa kugira ngo bumvikane n’ishengero ry’i Roma: kuronswa umwidegemvyo wo kwigisha Bibiliya; kuronsa ishengero ryose uburenganzira bwo kurya ku mukate no kunywa kuri vino mu gihe c’ingaburo yera hamwe no gukoresha ururimi kavukire mu gihe co gusenga; kurekurira abapatiri gushingwa amabanga asanzwe no gukora mu ntwaro y’igihugu; kandi mu gihe hakozwe icaha runaka, abapatiri n’abanyagihugu basanzwe bategerezwa kurengutswa imbere y’ubutungane bumwe. Abarongozi b’ubupapa bahavuye “bemera ivyo abayoboke ba Yohana Huss bariko barasaba ariko bongeyeko icipfuzo cabo nabo y’uko inama yonyene, ni ukuvuga Papa hamwe n’Umwami w’abami, Sigismund, ariyo ifise ububasha bwo gusigura ico izo ngingo zivuga hamwe no kwerekana ububasha bwazo aho bugarukira - (Wylie, b. 3, ch. 18.). Iri ryari isezerano rikomeye ishengero ry’i Roma ryari rihejeje kugirana n’abayoboke ba Yohana Huss. Hamwe n’ivyo ivyari vyararinaniye kwigarurira rikoresheje kurwana ryari rigiye kubishikako rikoresheje ukwiyorobeka n’ububeshi; kubera y’uko kwemererwa ko rihawe uburenganzira bwo gutanga insiguro itomoye ku ngingo zari zafashwe n’abayoboke ba Yohana Huss, mbere no kuri Bibiliya, vyarishoboza guhindura insiguro uko ryishakiye kugira ngo rishikire intumbero yaryo.IB 87.2

Abantu atari bake bariyamirije ayo masezerano kuko babona ataborohereza mu burenganzira bwabo. Ivyo vyakurikiwe no kutumvikana hamwe no kwicamwo imigwi ari navyo vyahavuye bituma bashika aho batana mu mitwe mbere baramena n’amaraso. Umuganwa Procopius yapfiriye muri izo ndwano maze umwidegemwyo Bohemiya yari ifise uba uraheze.IB 87.3

Sigismund niwe yari yagambaniye Yohana Huss hamwe na Jerome. Yahavuye aba umwami wa Bohemiya maze afasha ubutware bw’ubupapa kuhashinga imizi, anyuranya n’indahiro yari yaratanze yo gushikira uburenganzira bw’abanyagihugu b’i Bohemiya. Ariko nta kintu yungutse muri ukwo kwireshangisha imbere y’ishengero ry’i Roma. Yamaze imyaka mirongo ibiri atorohewe namba kubwo ibikorwa vy’umurengera no kwama bamuhakije kumwica. Abasoda yari afise bagiye bamushirako buhoro buhoro, ubutunzi bwiwe bwose bwateye bugabanuka kubwo kwama yagiye ku rugamba. Amaze umwaka umwe ku bwami yarapfuye asiga igihugu kigeramiwe n’indwano zo gusubiranamwo, asigira urunganwe rwamukurikiye izina ryuzuye umugayo.IB 87.4

Imigumuko, ugutabagurana no gusesa amaraso ntivyarahereye ng’aho. Abasoda b’abanyamahanga barongeye bagaba ibitero kuri Bohemiya maze igihugu gikomeza kwicamwo ibice. Abahirahira ngo bagume ari abiziginva b’ubutumwa bwiza bama biteze guhamwa, bakankirizwa ubuzima.IB 88.1

Babonye ko abari babitangiye imbere bari bagiranye amasezerano n’ishengero ry’i Roma maze bagashigikira gutyo amakosa yaryo, abahisemwo kutavirira ukwizera kwo hambere baciye batunganya irindi dini biyita “Abavandimwe bashize hamwe”. Ico gikorwa bakoze cabakururiye ingorane ku mpande zose. Ariko ivyo ntivyatumye bahugumba. Yyabaye ngombwa ko barondera ubuhungiro mu bisaka no mu masenga y’amabuye, aho babandanirije gukoranira, bakigira hamwe ijambo ry’Imana kandi bagasenga.IB 88.2

Bararungika mw’ibanga, mu bindi bihugu, intumwa zabazanira amakuru y’ukuntu ahandi vyifashe. Bashoboye kumenya ko hirya no hino hakiriho “abantu bashingira intahe ukuri, bari ukwabonyene, usanga atari benshi muri iki gisagara canke kiriya, kandi nabo ubwabo bahanzwe n’agahamo. Baranamenye ko mu misozi ihanamye ya Alpes hari hakiriho ishengero rya kera, ryubatswe ku mushinge w’Ivyanditswe vyera, kandi ritahengeshanije kwiyamiriza amarorerwa y’ishengero ry’i Roma ryahaye indaro imigenzo ya gipagani”. (-Wylie, b. 3, ch. 19.) Ayo makuru bayakiranye umunezero maze baca batangura gutumatumanako n’abo bakristo b’aba Walidensi.IB 88.3

Abantu b’i Bohemiya ntibigeze bavirira ubutumwa bwiza. Ukwo kwumira ku Mana ntibatezure vyabacishije mu majoro y’agahamo no mu masaha y’umwiza w’umuzitanya. Ariko mu gihe bari barindiriye ko ivyo bihe bigoye bibarengana, amaso yabo bayatumbereje muri kazoza nk’abantu bareretse ko umutwenzi utamanzura. “Babayeho mu bihe bigoye ariko... bama bibuka amajambo yavuzwe ubwa mbere na Yohana Huss, maze agasubirwamwo na Jerome, ko hategerezwa kurengana imyaka ijana kugira ngo haseruke umuco wo mu mutwenzi. Ku bayoboke ba Yohana Huss ayo majambo yari afise agaciro gakomeye nk’uko amajambo ya Yosefu yari inkoramutima ku miryango ya Isirayeli yari mu nzu y’ubuja: ngiye gupfa ariko Imana izobagendera, ibakure muri kino gihugu. (Ibid., b. 3, ch. 19). Mu gihe ikinjana ca cumi na gatanu cariko kirarangira; amashengero, “y’Abavandimwe bashize hamwe” yateye yiyongera buhoro buhoro. Nubwo ata mwidegemyo unengesereye yari afise, yari mu gahengwe kashobora guhungabana ku mwanya ku mwaya. Mu ntango z’ikinjana ca cumi na gatandatu, igitigiri c’amashengero yabo cari amajana abiri muri Bohemiya ni Moraviya.(-Ezra Hall Gillett, Life and Times of John Huss, vol. 2, p. 570). “Uko niko amasigarira yacitse kw’icumu no ku nkonge y’umuriro yashoboye kubona umutwenzi w’uyo musi Yohana Huss yari yarabuye” (Wylie, b. 3, ch. 19.)IB 88.4