CHITSAUKO 13—NETHERLANDS NESCANDINAVIA

Munyika yeNetherlands hudzvinyiriri hwaana Papa hwakaita kuti kuratidzira kwevanhu kuvepo nekukasika. Makore zvuuru zvinomwe nguva yaLuther isati yasvika, mutungamiri weRoma akabviswa zvechisimba nemabhishopi maviri vakanga vatumwa sevamiriri kuRome, vakange vadzidza chimiro chezvokwadi chekuona kutsvene; “Mwari akange aita sangano rake mambokadzi nemudiwa wake, akange achipa mhuri yake zvinodikanwa zvose, akatenga sangano nepfuma isingawori kana kupera, akange apa korona isingaperi netsvimbo yehumambo yaizobatsira vose. . . unozvigadza saMwari mutemberi, panekuva mufudzi wakava sebere kumakwai. . . unoita kuti vanhu vatende kuti uriBhishopi unamasimba kudarika vose, asi iwe uri mudzvinyiriri. Waifanirwa kuva muranda pakati pevaranda, sezvaunozvidana asi unoda kuva mambo wemadzimambo. Wakaita kuti murairo waMwari ushaye simba. . . . Mweya Mutsvene ndiye muvaki wemakereke sekupamhamha kwenyika. Guta raMwari iro tiri vagari varo, rinosvika kumativi ose ematenga, iguta guru kupfuura rakadaidzwa nevapofofita vatsvene kuti Babylon, rinoda kuzviita seraMwari richida kuzvienzanisa nedenga, rinofunga kuti uchenjeri hwaro hauna mukundi uye huchagara, pakupedzisira rinofunga kuti haritadzi nyangwe risina chinoita kuti rifunge kuti haritadzi, uye kuti richatadza.”-Gerard Brandt, History of the Reformation in and About the Low Countries, b. 1, p. 6.KK 151.1

Vamwe vakamuka nguva nenguva vachisimbisa kuratidzira uku. Vadzidzisi vekutanga vakafamba nzvimbo nenzvimbo vachidaidzwa mazita akasiyana vakange vanechimiro chema mishinari vaibva Vaudois, vakaparidzira kwose kwose ruzivo pamusoro pevhangeri, vakapindawo munyika yeNetherlands, Vhangeri ravo rakaparira nekukasira. Vakadudzira bhaibheri remaWaridhenzi mururimi rwechi Dutch muchikamu nechikamu. Vakati; “muBhaibheri mune zvakanaka zvirimo, hamuna ngano, kana nyaya dzisina maturo, nezvisina basa kana mashoko asakafanira, asi chokwadi choga. Vakati apo neapo mune kakuomarara, asi mukati maro munemwongo nekutapira kwezvakanaka zvitsvene.’’ Izvi ndizvo zvakanyorwa neshamwari dzekutenda kare musenjuri yegumi nembiri.KK 151.2

Zvino kutambudzwa kwevanhu neRoma kwakatanga, asi mukati mekutambudzwa uku, nekushungurudzwa vatendi vakaramba vachiwedzera pahuwandu vakasimbisa kuti bhaibheri ndiro roga rine masimba panyaya dzekunamata uye hakuna munhu anofanirwa kuudzirwa kunamata asi koga nekuparidzwa kweshoko. Dzidziso yaLuther yakawana ivhu rakaorera muNetherlands umo varume vakavimbika uye vakatendeka vakasimuka kuzoparidza ivhangeri iyi. Kubva mune imwe nzvimbo yeHolland kwakabuda murume ainzi Menno Simons. Murume uyu akange akadzidziswa zvekereke yeRoma yeKatorike, akazodzwa kuva mumwe wevapirisita, akanga asingafungi pamusoro peBhaibheri uye akanga asingadi kuriverenga nekutya kusvibiswa nedzidziso dzaaifunga kuti dzinowanikwa mariri. Akava nekunyunyuta pamusoro pedzidziso yaitendwa nekereke yaiti vanhu pavanodya chirairo, waini yavanonwa ritori ropa chairo raKristu uye chingwa itori nyama chaiyo yaKristu. Nyaya iyi yakamumanikidza kuti adzidze Bhaibheri, asi akazvitora semuedzo kubva kuna Satani. Nekunamata pamwe nekureurura aifunga kuti achazvisunungura asi zvose hazvina kubetsera. Akazama kunyaradza inzwi raitaura naye mundangaririo zvikaramba. Mushure mechinguva akatungamirirwa kudzidzidza pamusoro peTestamende Itsva, izvi pamwe nedzidziso dzaLuther zvakamumanikidza kugamuchira kutenda kweshanduko. Akaona mumwe murume achigurwa musoro nemhaka yekuti akange abhabhatidzwa kechipiri mushure mekunge akambobhabhatidzwa arikasvava. Izvi zvakamutungamira kudzidza pamusoro pekubhabhatidzwa kwevana vaduku. Akashaya chaisimbisa kuti vana vaduku vanga bhabhatidzwa murugwaro. Asi wakaona kuti kutendeuka pamwe nekutenda zvaive pose murugwaro zviri izvo zvinodiwa kuti munhu abhabhatidzwe.KK 151.3

Menno akabva mukutenda kwesangano remaKatorike, akazvipira kudzidzisa chokwadi chaakanga agamuchira. MuGermany pamwe nemuNetherlands makange mabudawo boka revanhu vanonyanyisa kuenda mberipanyaya dzechinamato vachitaura dzidziso dzavo dzenhema pamwe chete nekuita mhirizhonga. Menno akaona zvaizova matuso ekudzidzisa uku akapokana nekudzidzisa kwavo kwenhema nemano avo akaipa. Vakange varipo vazhinji vakanga varasiswa neboka iri, asi pakati pavo pane maKristu akare akamira akaramba dzidziso iyi nekuti vaive zvibereko zvekudzidzisa kwema Waridhenzi. Menno pakati pemapoka awa akashanda nekudisa uye nebudiriro. Kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu akafamba nemhuri yake, mukuoma nemukutambudzwa kusvika pakuda kurasikirwa neupenyu hwavo. Akafamba muNetherlands pamwe neche kumusoro Germany achishanda pakati pevanhu vakazvideredza asi vaine hwezvero yakakura. Menno akange ari murume waigona kutaura uye akange akadzidza zvishoma, murume aive nechimiro chisingazungunuswi, uye akange ane kuzvideredza netsika dzakanaka. Murume airarama zvaaidzidzisa muhupenyu hwake semadzidzisiro aita vanhu uye akawana rukudzo nekugashirwa munharaunda. Vadzidzi vake vakange vakapararira nyangwe zvavo vaive muhutapwa. Vakatambudzwa zvikuru nekufananidzwa neboka rinonyanyisa kurasika padzidziso, asi vazhinji vakaponeswa kuburukidza nemabasa ake.KK 152.1

Hakuna kwakagamuchirwa kutenda kweRuvandudzo kupfuura muNetherlands. Mune dzimwe nyika shoma vakasangana nekushungurudzwa kukuru. MuGermany Charles V akarambidza vatendi veshanduko, vaizowunza vose vaitevera kudzidzisa kwavo mukutongwa nerufu, asi machinda amambo akamira sevadzivisi kubva muudzvanyiriri hwake. MuNetherlands simba rake mambo uyu rakange rakanyanya nekudaro kushungurudzwa kwakavapo mukukasira. Kuverenga Bhaibheri, kuriparidza, kuriterera kana kutaura pamusoro paro zvaive nemurango werufu mukutongwa. Kunamata Mwari pakavanda, kusavapo pakupfugamira chifananidzo kana kuimba nziyo zvaiurayisa zvekare. Nyangwe avo vairamba kurasa kutenda kwavo vaitongerwa rufurwekupiswa nemoto. Kana uri murume waiurawa nebakatwa, kana ari mukadzi aivigwa ari mupenyu. Vakaramba vamire vakasanganawo nemutongo wakadaro. Zviuru zvemazana zvakafa panguva yekutonga kwaCharles na Philip II. Pane imwe nguva mhuri yose yakawunzwa pamberi pevatongi vachitongerwa kusaenda kumisa uye kunamatira kumba. Pakubvunzurudzwa pamusoro pekuita tsika iyi muchivande, mukomana muduku akapindura, ” tinopfugama namabvi edu, kuti Mwari ativenekere mundangariro dzedu nekutiregerera zvivi zvedu. Tonamatira mambo kuti ave neupenyu hunemufaro uye hurefu, tonamatira vatongi vedzimhosva kuti Mwari avachengetedze.” Zvakabata vamwe vevatongi vedzimhosva vakabaiwa moyo, asi nyangwe hazvo zvakadero baba vemhuri iyi nemumwe mwana vakaurawa. Kutsamwa kwevatambudzi hakuna kupedza kutenda kwevakafira vhangeri. Havasi varume voga vakamira nyangwe vakadzi nemhandara vakaratidza kumira kwavo pakutenda nehushingi,vamwe vachimira nevarume vavo mumitongo yavo varimukati memoto vaishevedzera mashoko esimbiso, kuimbira rwiyo vachivasimbisa. Mhandara dzaivata mumabwiro adzo dziri mhenyu sekunge vakuenda kunorara hope dzemandorokwati, vamwe vaipinda vakapfeka nhumbi dzavo dzakaisvonaka kunge vakuenda kumuchato wavo vofusirwa vachiimba vakafara. Sepamazuva ekare vanamati vezvifananidzo vakaedza kurwisa vhangeri asi ropa remaKristu rakaita sembeu. Kushungurdzwa kwaitoita kuti vanopupura zvokwadi vawande. Gore negore vakuru vekereke vakaedza nenzira dzose dzehuipi kupedza Shanduko asi hazvina kubatsira. KK 152.2

Mukutonga kwaWilliam wekuOrange kunamata Mwari zvakasungunguka kwakabvumidzwa kuHolland . Mumakomo eku Piedmont nemumapani eFrance uye muzasi menyanza kuHolland vhangeri rakasiya rupau rweropa ravadzidzi. Munyika dzeku musoro vhangeri rakapinda murugare.Vadzidzi vepa Wittenberg vakaenda naro kumisha yavo vakatakura kutenda kwevavandudzi kuScandinavia. Zvinyorwa zvaLuther zvakaparadzira chiedza. Vanhu vakaoma nevanyoro veku musoro vakasiya zvinonyangadza, uye zvisina maturo zveku Roma, vachigamuchira vhangeri rakachena, ririnyore uye rine chokwadi chehupenyu chinobva muBhaiberi.KK 152.3

Tausen muunzi weshanduko munyika yeDenmark akange ari mwana wemuranda. Akange aratidza pahudiki hwake kuti mukomana azere nenjere, aive nenyota nekuda kudzidza kuenda mberi nedzidzo, kwairamba nokuda kwechimiro chehupenyu chevabereki vake, akapinda muboka revanozvimisira kuzova mafata kana vabati vekereke. Umo kunzwisisa kwake uye huchenejri hwake zvakaita kuti adiwe nevatungamiri vake. Mukuongororwa zvakaonekwa kuti aive nechipo chaizobatsira sangano mune ramangwana. Vakaona zvakafanira kuti vamudzidzise muzvikoro zvepamusoro zvemuGermany kana kuNetherlands. Akapiwa mukana wekuzvisarudzira kwaida kunodzidza asi asingafanirwi kuenda kuWittenberg. Nekuti muzvina fundo wesangano aisafanirwa kusvibiswa nedzidziso dzisina maturo sekutenda kwavo. KK 153.1

Tausen akaenda kuCologne iyo yakange yakasimbira pachiRoma. Uko pasina nguva akange asvotwa nezvishamiso zvedzidziso pachikoro apa. Panguva iyoyo zvekare akawana zvinyorwa zvaLuther akazviverenga nekushamiswa kukuru pamwe chete nekushuva kuva muteveri wedzidziso dzaLuther. Kuti aite izvi zvaireva kuti aifanirwa kusanetsana nevatungamiri vake zvazoita kuti agoshaiswa betsero yaaiwana kubva kwavari. Mushure maizvozvi akaita sarudzo yake akawana nzvimbo yekudzidza paWittenberg. KK 153.2

Paakadzoka kuDenmark akanogadzira nekudzokera kuboka ravashandi vekereke. Hakuna akamufungira kuti angave muteveri wedzidziso dzaLuther, haana kuburitsa chakavanzika chake akadisa kutungamirira vamwe vake mukutenda kwakaisvonaka nekuhupenyu hustvene. Akavhura Bhaibheri akatsanangura chokwadi charinoreva, pakupedzisira akavaparidzira Kristu, saIye Oga akarurama, tariro yeruponeso yoga yemutadzi. Kutsamwa kwevakuru kwakava kukuru nekuti vaitarisira kuti aizova iye mumiriri weRoma. Akabviswa pakarepo kubva kuboka revakuru vekereke, akanoiswa muhusungwa umo aitariswa nguva nenguva. KK 153.3

Chishamiso chakaitika kuvatariri vetirongo ndechekuona kuti; munguva duku vazhinji vevamwe mapirisita vakatendeuka vakava vateveri veShanduko. Arimo muhusungwa akagona kutaurirana nevamwe vake ruzivo pamusoro pezvokwadi. Dai zvakazikanwa namadzibaba akange aneumhizha pakuronga nzira dzekudzivirira vhangeri, izwi raTausen haraizonzwikwazve. Pakupedzesera vakamubudisa mutirongo iye ndokuenderera mberi nekuparidza. Chinyorwa chamambo chakanyorwa chaichengetedza vadzidzisi vezvokwadi, chakaita kuti Tausen atange kuparidza akasununguka. Masangano mazhinji akavhura mikova yawo kuti aparidze, vanhu vakauya kuzonzwa. Vamwewo vaiparidza shoko raMwari. Testamende itsva yakadudzirwa mururimi rwechiDanish ikaparadzirwa kunzvimbo dzose. Mazano ose akaitwa nema papa ekuparadza basa iri akatoita kuti rive nemichero yakawanda. Denmark yakasvika pakuisa murairo wekugamuchira kutenda kweRuvandudzo. KK 153.4

MuSweden vakomana vakanga vanwa patsime repaWittenberg vakatakura mvura yehupenyu iyi kunzvimbo dzavo. Vamwe vaviri vatungamiri veRuvandudzo muSweden, Olaf naLaurentius Petri vaive vana vemupfuri wesimbi wepa Orebro, vakadzidza pana Luther naMelancthon, zvokwadi yavakawana vakaidzidzisa nekuperera. Sezvaiita maRifoma akare, Olaf akasimuka nesimba nekutaura kusina kukakama ukuwo Laurentius akaita saMelancthon, akange akadzidza, aifunga uye ari munyoro. Vose vakange vari varume vakadzidza zvaMwari zvepamusoro, vaine kurevesa uyezve vakange vane chivindi chisingatuvidzwi mukuti chokwadi chiende mberi. Maprisita havana kurega kupokana navo, vaprisita vechikatorike vakazama kuti vanhu vavamukire. Nguva zhinji Olaf Petri akamukirwa neruzhinji rwevanhu, dzimwe nguva akapona achitiza nehupenyu hwake. Asi vavandudzi ava vaidikanwa namambo uye mambo aivachengetedza.KK 153.5

Mukutonga kwekereke yechiRoma vanhu vakange vari varombo uye vari pasi peudzvinyiriri. Vakange vari vanhu vasingazivi magwaro, vane kunamata kunongori nechiratidzo uye nezvipiriso netsika dzekunamata kwavo zvakange zvisingaunzi chiedza mupfungwa dzavo.Vanhu vakange vakudzokera mukutenda kwavo kwakare kwekunamata madzitateguru. Nyika yakange yoputsika napakati vachishaya honzeri yezvaitika pakati pavo kuti zvaibvepi. Mambo akatsvaga rumutsiriro pakati penyika uyezve nesangano akafara kuwana varume ava vaiparidza. Pamberi pevatungamiri vose vemuSweden Olaf Petri nekugoneswa kukuru akamiririra dzidziso yekutenda kweshanduko kubva kumhizha dzechiRoma. Akatiwo kutenda kwamadzibaba kwaifanirwa kugamuchirwa kwoga kana kuchitenderana neRugwaro, uyezve zvakakosha zvedzidziso zvinowanikwa mubhaibheri zvirinyore nenzira inonzwisisika kuti vanhu vose vanzwe. Kristu akati, “dzidziso yandinokupai haisi yangu ndeyewakandituma’’ (Johane 7:16). Paul akatiwo kana ndingakuparidziraiwo imwe evhangeri isiriyo yamakagamuchira nganditukwe (VaGaratia 1:8). Ko zvinogova sei kuti vamwe vanongofunga zvavada nekuda kwekusindimara kwavo voita kuti zviite kunge zvine rupuneso. Akavaratidza kuti zviga zvesangano hazvina maturo kana zvichipokana nemutemo waMwari. Akaramba akamira papfungwa huru yeVavandudzi yekuti “Bhaibheri uye Bhaibheri roga”ndiro rinotonga panyaya dzekutenda nekaitiro. KK 154.1

Nyangwe nhaurirano idzi dzaiitwa pajekerere zvinotibatsira kuona mhando dzevarume vaitungamirira paRuvandudzo. Apo tinotarisa vadzidzi vaibva muzvikoro zvikuru zvemu Wittenberg neZurich, nemazita evadzidzi vakamira akaita seana Luther, Melancthon, Zwingle naOecolampadius nevamwe zvinoratidza kuti vaive vatungamiri veboka vakange vakamira pashoko raMwari. Patinotarisa kuSweden tinonosangana nemazita kaita seana Olaf na Laurentius Petri varume ava vaiva vakuru vanoremekedzwa asi vakava vateveri vaJesu. Tinodzidza chii pavari? Vakange vari varume vanenjere dzakapinza, vanamuzvinafundo.Vakange vakadzidza shoko raMwari muudzamu hwaro uye vachinatsoziva muitire nemufambiro weevhangeri. Vamwe vakafunda veRoma hava kugona kumirisana navo. KK 154.2

Kuburikidza nekumira kwevarume ava mambo weSweden akagamuchira kutenda kwevaShanduri, uye pasina nguva dare guru muSweden rakagashira chitendero ichi. Testamende Itsva ikadudzirwa naOlaf Petri mururimi rwechi Swedish. Nechidiso chamambo varume vaviri vakadudzira bhaibheri rose. Ndokakava kekutanga vanhu vemuSweden kunzwa shoko raMwari mururumi rwamai. Zvakashevedzerwa nehutungamiri kuti mumatunhu ose ehumambo Rugwaro ngarutsanangurwe uye vana kuchikoro ngavadzidziswe pamusoro peBhaibheri. Idi rima pachinamato rakange zvino ravakuenda pashoma nepashoma kuchiuya chiedza chakakomborerwa cheevhangeri. Sweden yakasunungurwa kubva mukudzvinyirira kweRoma, nyika yakawana simba nehukuru hwayakanga isati yambowana. Sweden ikava hutiziro hwevatendi veshanduko.KK 154.3

Makore zana akatevera, panguva yematambudziko akaomesesa, nyika duku iyi yainzi haina simba, yakava iyo yoga yakakwanisa kupa ruoko rwekubetsera Germany muhondo yemakore makumi matatu muEurope. Munguva iyo nyika dzose dzekumusoro dzakaratidza kuva pasi peudzvinyiriri hweRoma, mauto eSweden akaita kuti Germany igone kukunda hutungamiri hwaana Papa, uye kuti shanduko igashirwe muGermany. Dzidziso dzaLuther naCalvan dzakagashirwa. Kunamata zvakasununguka kunyika dzakagashira Ruvandudzo kukavapo.KK 154.4